拟南芥同源四倍体减数分裂过程的分子细胞学分析  

Molecular and Cytological analysis of Meiosis in Autotetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana

作　　者：李云玲[1] 田保明[1] 杨妍[1] 崔明珠[1] 郝志达[1] 位芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生命科学学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《植物研究》2016年第3期354-359,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：NSFC-河南人才培养联合基金(U1204308);河南省教育厅高等学校重点科研项目(13A180437)

摘　　要：以拟南芥(Columbia生态型)二倍体(AA,2n=10)为材料,经0.2%秋水仙素处理和细胞学鉴定,成功获得拟南芥同源四倍体(AAAA,2n=20)。以二倍体为对照,通过对拟南芥同源四倍体减数分裂过程染色体行为的观察,以及减数分裂调控同源染色体联会与重组相关基因的定量PCR分析,研究结果表明,与二倍体相比,拟南芥同源四倍体叶片表皮细胞间气孔孔径显著增大,荚果变长,但气孔密度和结实率显著降低;在减数分裂过程中出现部分单价体和三价体,以及二价体和四价体等染色体配对构型;减数分裂期重组相关基因ZYP1表达水平降低,ASY1、DMC1、MRE11和SPO11-1表达水平均升高。因此,我们推断,伴随着多倍体化,与二倍体相比,多倍体植物减数分裂期染色体行为和相关基因表达都有一定改变,影响多倍体植物生殖发育以适应环境。The diploid Arabidopsis thaliana（ Columbia-0,2n = 10） was used to obtain autotetraploid plants（ 2n = 20） after 0. 2% colchicine treatment and cytological identification. Meiotic chromosome behaviors were comparatively observed in diploid and autotetraploid A. thaliana,and the meiosis-related genes were relatively quantified by Real-time PCR. The autotetraploid A. thaliana produced relatively larger stoma and fruits,but the stomatal density and the seed-set were significantly reduced. Some chromosomal configurations were also observed during meiosis involving the trivalents, univalents, bivalents and quadrivalents in autotetraploid plants. The expression of several meiosis-related genes including ASY1,DMC1,MRE11 and SPO11-1 were upregulated in autotetraploids. Therefore,as autopolyploidization proceeds,plants may adapt themselves into environment by accompanying with phenotype changes owing to the altered chromosomal behaviors and gene expressions.

关 键 词：拟南芥 二倍体 同源四倍体 减数分裂 染色体 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]