陕北风沙区含砾石工程堆积体坡面产流产沙试验  

Experimental study on runoff and sediment yield from engineering deposition with gravel in the northern windy-sandy region,Shaanxi

作　　者：康宏亮[1] 王文龙[1,2] 薛智德[3] 郭明明[1] 李建明[4] 白芸[5] 邓利强[6] 李艳富[7] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010 [5]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [6]山东省水利科学研究院水土保持与生态研究所,山东济南250013 [7]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水科学进展》2016年第2期256-265,共10页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771127);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(201201048)~~

摘　　要：采用室内人工模拟降雨方法,研究了陕北风沙区含砾石工程堆积体边坡的产流产沙过程。结果表明：1砾石存在改变了坡面入渗速率,径流系数受入渗速率的影响,随砾石含量的增加先线性递减后线性递增,并在10%砾石含量处存在阈值;径流系数随降雨强度的增加线性递增。2含砾石堆积体坡面流速较纯土堆积体降低,且随雨强增大,砾石延缓径流流动的作用越显著;雨强对径流流速的影响随砾石含量增加持续减弱。3土壤剥蚀率在产流24~33 min后显著增加,砾石主要对显著增加后的平均剥蚀率产生影响。4雨强1.0 mm/min时,砾石存在促进降雨侵蚀,产沙量增大;雨强大于1.0 mm/min时,砾石具有显著的减沙效应。Engineering deposition is a special geomorphic unit which exhibits very serious soil and water loss in improvement and construction projects. Experimental research regarding the soil erosion laws of geomorphic units with different compositions and ratios under different rainfall conditions is an urgent concern. In the present study,indoor artificial rainfall simulation was applied to investigate the processes of runoff generation and sediment yield on the slope of deposition with gravel in the northern windy-sandy region of Shaanxi province,China. The results reveal the following： 1 The runoff coefficient influenced by infiltration rate,which changed due to the existence of gravel,first increased and then decreased linearly when the gravel content increased with a critical content of 10%,and increased linearly with the increase in rainfall intensity. 2 The overland flow velocity on rocky deposition was lower than the velocity on homogeneous deposition. Stronger effects of gravel on delaying runoff were found with the increase in rainfall intensity,but the effects of rainfall intensity on velocity were weaker when the gravel content increased. 3 The soil detachment rate increased significantly after 24—33 min in the period of runoff generation. Gravel mainly affected the erosion rate after the significant increase. 4 The gravel increased the sediment yield under 1. 0 mm / min rainfall intensity,while it decreased the total sediment when the rainfall intensity was higher. The results of this study are useful for providing reliable experimental information for the erosion model development of national engineering depositions.

关 键 词：风沙土 工程堆积体 砾石含量 径流系数 产沙量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]