落地高度和性别对单脚落地下肢关节矢状面内运动学、动力学和能量耗散的影响  

Effect of Gender and Landing Height on Kinematics,Kinetics and Energy Dissipation of Lower Extremity Joints during Single-leg Landing

作　　者：李旭鸿 范年春[2] 韩斌[2] 苏云[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江体育科学研究所,杭州310004 [2]杭州师范大学体育与健康学院

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2016年第4期327-332,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：浙江省国民体质与健身技术研究重点实验室开放性基金(2011F10052-09)

摘　　要：目的:探讨人体单脚足底落地过程中,落地高度对其矢状面内下肢关节运动学、动力学和能量耗散的影响及性别之间的差异。方法:采用红外高速运动捕捉系统QUALISYS和三维测力台KISTLER同步采集18名在校大学生单脚落地过程,采样频率分别为500 Hz和1000 Hz。通过逆向动力学运算获取关节力矩,关节角速度与力矩的乘积被定义为关节功率,对功率积分得到关节做功。结果:随着落地高度的增加,不论男、女,其踝关节的活动范围、踝关节角速度峰值、地面反作用力合力峰值、踝和髋关节力矩峰值以及踝关节做功均随之增大,且呈显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与男性相比,女性从0.50 m高度单脚足底落地其踝关节角速度峰值、地面反作用力合力峰值、踝关节功率峰值均高于男性(P<0.05),而下肢各关节活动范围和踝关节力矩峰值则低于男性(P<0.05)。结论:相对于男性,女性采取较为硬式的单脚落地技术。不论男、女,其单脚足底落地时均以踝关节跖屈肌为主、髋关节伸肌为辅的耗散能量策略来抵抗冲击负荷。随着落地高度的增加,呈现出男、女踝关节跖屈肌耗散比重增加而髋关节伸肌耗散比重减少的趋势。建议未来研究应关注单脚落地时下肢各关节运动如何才能耗散能量最大化,进而更好地缓冲避震来减少下肢关节损伤的发生。Objectives The influence of landing height on kinematics,kinetics and energy dissipation of lower extremity joints in sagittal plane during single-leg flatfoot landing and its differences between males and females are studied in the present paper. Methods Eighteen subjects are instructed to perform single-leg flatfoot landing respectively from 0.25 m and 0.50 m height. Force-plates and motion capture system are used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data with sampling rate at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz respectively. Joint moment is calculated by using inverse dynamics. Joint power is computed as a product of joint moment and angular velocity,and the work is the integration of joint power on time. Results There are markedly increases in the ankle joint ROM,peak angular velocity at the ankle,peak resultant GRF,peak ankle and hip joint moments,and eccentric work of the ankle joint from 0.50-m height jump as compared with that from 0.25-m height jump（P 0.05 or P 0.01）. Compared to the males,the females have a higher peak of angular velocity of ankle,resultant GRF and the ankle joint power when they complete single-leg flatfoot landing from 0.50-m height（P〈0.05）,however,their joint ROM and the peak ankle joint moment is lower than the males（P〈0.05）.Conclusions Stiffer single-leg flatfoot landing in women appears as compared to men. The ankle plantar flexors and hip extensors are the dominant energy dissipaters during single-leg flatfoot landing regardless of male and female. The ankle contributes more to total energy dissipation as landing height increases,while the energy dissipation of hip extensor reduces.

关 键 词：落地高度 性别 单脚落地 矢状面 能量耗散 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]