两系法杂交稻两优培九育种的理论与实践  

Theory and Practice on Breeding of Two-Line Hybrid Rice, Liangyoupeijiu

作　　者：吕川根[1,2] 邹江石[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,南京210014 [2]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第9期1635-1645,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划(BH-01-01-01-02;Z16-01-01-3;2001AA211151)

摘　　要：两系法超级杂交稻两优培九是中国独创的两系法杂交稻育种中形成的品种,是中国超级稻育种计划完成第一步目标的标志性品种,是继三系杂交稻汕优63之后种植面积最大的杂交稻,在国内外具有重大影响。两优培九的育种实践经历了艰苦曲折的科研攻关和推广过程。最初是尝试通过化学杀雄制种的方法利用典型籼粳杂种的优势,在亚优2号的育种实践失败后,技术路线调整为通过光温敏两系法将部分亚种间杂种优势与江淮生态区的水稻理想株型相结合,克服杂交稻结实率不高、不稳等弱点,达到高产、优质、多抗、适应性广泛并能安全制种的目标。通过分析多个水稻光温敏不育系与不同生态型父本配组的杂种F1的性状表现,确定以带有1/4爪哇稻亲缘的培矮64S为重点母本,选择优势生态群中的合适类型父本重点配组,避开生育期超长和植株偏高等障碍性问题,并根据江淮流域一季稻区的常年气候特点进行生态育种。通过大量筛选,育成两优培九,达到遗传、形态和功能"三优"的统一,将优质、超高产、多抗性状聚集于一体。通过对培矮64S育性转换、开花授粉有危害的高温、低温指标的研究和对各生态区常年气候中出现这些温度频率的分析,提出适宜制种区域和相应的父母本安全抽穗期。研究培矮64S育性转换的植株温度指标,提出遭遇低温危害时"以水调温"的制种纯度保障技术。通过对两优培九的生物学特性和适宜生长条件的研究,提出适宜种植区、各种植区的适宜齐穗期和主要种植方式的播栽期等生产指导性指标,分析生产上可能发生的问题并提出相应的预防措施和解决对策,研发提高结实率及其稳定性的栽培技术。通过配套生产技术的系统研究和应用,两优培九在南方稻区多年大面积成功种植。通过全程回顾育种战略的形成、研究思路和技术路线、品种培Two-line hybrid rice, Liangyoupeijiu, is a landmark for super rice breeding in China National High-tech R＆D Program. It has the largest planting area for years after the widely planted three-line hybrid Shanyou 63, and a significant impact in rice breeding area. Breeding practice in Liangyoupeijiu experienced a difficult and tortuous process of scientific research and production applications. Initially, the authors attempted CHA using a typical indica-japonica hybrid, Yayou 2. After failure of the attempt, the technical route was adjusted as： developing hybrid by partial-use of indica-japonica heterosis, and screening a plant ideotype suitable for ecological conditions in Changjiang-Huaihe region. The hybrid should have higher and stable seed setting rate, ultra-high yield, good grain quality, multiple resistances to disease, extensive adaptability, and safety for seed production as well. By analyzing key agronomic traits of hybrids, which used a lot of PTGMS lines as female, different ecological type lines as male, the authors determined the key female of Pei＇ai 64S which was 1/4 relatives tojavanica, and selected elite indica lines as male which belongs to the advantages cline and can avoid long growth period and higher plant of its F1, and screened the combinations adapting to the climate conditions in ChangJiang-Huaihe rice region. By screening a large number of combinations, the hybrid Liangyoupeijiu was obtained, which achieved genetic, morphological and functional ＂three excellent＂, and the good grain quality, ultra-high yield, multiple resistances are gathered in one. Through studies on the hazardous high and low temperatures to fertility conversion and pollination of Pei＇ai 64S, and frequency analysis on such temperatures in the various ecological regions, the authors put forward the suitable area for seed production and corresponding security heading date of parents. On the basis of the study on the plant temperature to Pei＇ai 64S fertility conversion, the techniques for safeguarding the s

关 键 词：两优培九 两系法杂交稻 育种 株型 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]