轻型水田除草机的设计及试验  

Design and field test of lightweight paddy weeder

作　　者：齐龙[1,2,3] 梁仲维[1] 蒋郁[4] 马旭[1,2,3] 武涛[1,2] 芦玉龙[1] 赵柳霖 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [3]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128 [4]华南农业大学现代教育中心,广州510642

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2016年第3期1004-1012,共9页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51575195);广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313402);广东省科技计划公益研究与能力建设专项项目(2014B020207003);广州市珠江科技新星专项项目(2014J2200041);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金项目(CARS-01-33);广东省教育厅科研项目(2013KJCX0034)

摘　　要：结合我国水稻生产实际设计了一种行走与除草相结合的轻型水田除草机。该机采用汽油发动机提供动力,通过齿轮减速和锥齿轮换向系统驱动除草轮行走并除草。运用ANSYS有限元流固耦合仿真技术对除草齿与水田土壤的作用过程进行分析,设计出一种防下陷和入土性能较好的耙压式除草轮。在田间性能测试中,以土壤泥脚深度、水层厚度和除草轮转速为因素,以主轴平均扭矩、除草率和伤苗率为指标对轻型水田除草机进行试验,结果表明:各因素对平均扭矩和除草率两者的影响程度从大到小排列均为:水层厚度、土壤泥脚深度、除草轮转速。各因素对伤苗率影响均不显著。轻型除草机在泥脚深度为300mm时,主轴平均扭矩较小,除草率较高。随着水层厚度的增大,平均扭矩呈下降趋势,而除草率则呈上升趋势。随着除草轮转速的增大,平均扭矩呈先上升后下降趋势,除草率则呈上升趋势。轻型除草机在泥脚深度为300mm、水层厚度为60mm和除草轮转速为160r/min时工作性能较佳,主轴平均扭矩为20.84N·m,除草率为93.2%,伤苗率为1.2%。A lightweight paddy field weeder consisting driving-weeding compound components was designed based on the paddy production condition in China.The weeder is powered by agasoline engine and the weeding rolls are driven to operate by apower transmission assembly composed of reduction gear and switch bevel gear system.A rotary harrow weeding roll with lower soil penetratingimpact and better capacity to prevent sinking is designed using finite element method with fluidstructure interaction simulation.Depth of paddy mud（A）,thickness of water layer（B）and rotary velocity（C）of the weeding roll are selected as the factors in the full scale field test to explore their effects on the average torsion of the principal axis,on the weeding rate and the injury rate of paddy seedlings.Variance analysis of the resting results show that the sequence of the factors affecting the average torsion and weeding rate are both BAC.the effect of the factors on the injury rate is insignificant.Lower average torsion and higher weeding rate can be achieved with larger depth of paddy mud.The average torsion decreases and the weeding rate increases as the water layer thickness increases.As the rotary velocity increases,the average torsion increases first and then decreases and the weeding rate increases.The optimum performance of the weeder can be obtained when the depth of paddy mud is 300 mm,the water layer is 60 mm and the weeding roll velocity is 160r/min.Under such condition,the average torsion is 20.84N？m,the weeding rate is 93.2%and the seedling injury rate is 1.2.

关 键 词：水田除草机 水田土壤 流固耦合 耙压式除草轮 全因素试验 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]