织金风化磷块岩中离子吸附型稀土的淋滤浸出试验  

Leaching Test for Ion Adsorption Rare Earth Elements in Weathered Phosphate Ores in Zhijin County

作　　者：段凯波 袁建国[2] 宋小超 刘磊 

机构地区：[1]中化地质矿山总局化工地质调查总院,北京100013 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《稀土》2016年第2期15-20,共6页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：中国地质大调查项目(1212011220803)

摘　　要：为证实贵州织金磷矿床中存在类似中国南方花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型存在形式的稀土,首先分析和确定了风化磷矿石的矿物组成主要为胶磷矿和白云石,以及含不足5%的黏土矿物和其它次要矿物,稀土总量介于1200×10^(-6)~1700×10^(-6)之间,Y、La、Nd和Ce四元素占稀土总量的82%以上的稀土配分特征,然后利用硫酸铵溶液对采自矿区地表的风化磷矿进行浸泡后过滤,再利用ICP-MS法对过滤液进行了稀土全分析。结果滤液中各稀土组分都显示一定的含量,稀土总量平均值为3.313μg/m L,其中浸出的稀土以Tm、Eu、Er、Ho和Dy为主,占90%以上,可见浸出的稀土与原矿中稀土组分的含量高低无关,表明织金磷矿床中存在以中、重稀土为主的离子吸附型稀土,但所占比例小,远低于类质同象存在形式的稀土。离子吸附型稀土的成因与漫长时限的风化作用导致稀土从矿物晶格中解离出来以及黏土矿物等所起的吸附载体作用密切相关。To confirm the existence of ion adsorption type REE in Zhijin sedimentary REE- phosphate deposit similar to that in granite weathered crust in the south of China,it was studied and ensured that the main mineral composition of weathered phosphate ore are collophanite and dolomite as well as lower than 5% clay minerals and other secondary minerals,the REE distribution pattern is characteristic by ∑REE variation from 1200 × 10（-6） to 1700 × 10（-6） and Y,La,Nd and Ce domination by more than 82% of ∑REE. Then ammonium sulfate solution was applied to leach the weathered phosphate ore samples from the surface of the deposit,then the leaching solution was filtered,and REE contents in the filtrate were tested with the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP- MS）. As a result,each rare earth element is detected and ∑REE is 3. 313 μg / m L on average,and the content of Tm,Eu,Er,Ho and Dy accounts for more than 90%,which is not related with the REE contents in weathered phosphate ore. It indicates that the ion adsorption state REE in Zhijin phosphate deposit is dominated by middle REE and high REE,and ion adsorption state REE only takes a small part of ∑REE and much less than isomorphism REE in the deposit. REE dissociation from apatite mineral lattice caused by long time weathering and clay minerals playing roles in adsorption carrier are contributed to the genesis of ion adsorption state REE.

关 键 词：稀土磷块岩 风化磷矿 离子吸附型稀土 类质同象稀土 

分 类 号：P575.3[天文地球—矿物学]