WTO稀土案败诉背景下的我国稀土行业效率提升路径研究  

A Research on the Path of Efficiency Improvement in China's Rare Earth Industry after Losing WTO Rare Earth Case

作　　者：吴一丁[1] 赖程 

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学经济管理学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《稀土》2016年第2期152-158,共7页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(11AJL006);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目(YC2014-S375)

摘　　要：由于WTO稀土案败诉,我国稀土行业迫切需要实现产业升级,引导稀土产业链由资源开采的前端领域向研发高端应用产品的后端跨越,在此过程中,追逐利润使行业效率最大化是核心驱动力。为了找出一条提升稀土行业效率的具体路径,保证行业顺利开展产业升级,本文建立DEA模型,从产业链视角研究稀土行业前端企业与后端企业2007-2013年的效率,考察国有股权比例对效率的影响,并对投入指标做了投影分析,考察2013年稀土企业资源投入的冗余程度。结果表明,稀土行业纯技术效率普遍偏低,后端效率的变动受前端不稳定发展的影响较大;国有股权高度集中的企业效率优势更加明显;目前大部分稀土企业的资产投入浪费严重。针对研究结果,提出几点建议：一是必须在稀土产品研发的关键创新领域加大投入,加大对后端技术投入强度时应同时提高技术投入的效用;二是有计划地将国有股权注入产业链后端,引导国有企业在后端形成产业龙头;三是对行业的资产投入规模进行适量的缩减,尤其减少低端产品的固定资产投入比例和企业的负债比例。China＇s rare earth industry urgently needs to realize the industrial upgrading after losing rare earth WTO case.Chasing profits to make the efficiency of industry maximize is the core driving force in the way of guiding the economic interests from downstream to upstream in the rare earth industry chain. In order to find out a path of efficiency improvement of China＇s rare earth industry,the efficiency between the upstream and downstream of rare earth industry chain is analyzed based on the panel data of 14 China listed rare earth companies from 2007 to 2013 with DEA method. Effect of proportion of state- owned share on the industry efficiency was studied,and input indexes of rare earth enterprise in 2013 was analyzed to reflect the level of excessive investment. It is found that the pure technical efficiency of rare earth industry is generally low,the efficiency of upstream of rare earth industry chain is easily affected by the downstream＇s unstable development;the efficiency superiority of enterprise with high proportion of state- owned share is more obvious;the assets of most rare earth enterprises are seriously wasted. According to the results of the study,several suggestions are offered： First,increasing input in the field of the key innovation,increasing strength of technology and at the same time improving the effectiveness of the technology in the upstream.Secondly,injecting the state- owned equity into the upstream of rare earth industry in a planned way,guiding the state- owned enterprises to become industry leader;Finally,shrinking the scale of assets investment of rare earth industry,especially reducing fixed assets in the low- end products development and the investment and debt.

关 键 词：稀土行业 产业链 效率 产业升级 

分 类 号：F223[经济管理—国民经济] F272.5