天门冬科黄精族细胞学研究进展  

Cytological Advances on Tribe Polygonateae(Asparagaceae)

作　　者：王家坚 聂泽龙[1] 孟盈[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院植物资源保护与利用重点实验室,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第4期834-845,共12页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31270273;31560060)

摘　　要：在全面收集和整理黄精族染色体数据的基础上,对国内外有关黄精族各类群间的染色体数目和倍性的变化规律进行了总结,并从染色体的多倍化和非整倍化与系统发育关系和地理分布方面探讨了黄精族内各属的起源和演化关系问题。黄精族包括黄精属、舞鹤草属、异黄精属和竹根七属,共约100余种,其中舞鹤草属（x=18）、异黄精属（x=16）和竹根七属（x=20）的染色体基数稳定,而黄精属染色体基数波动较大,主要为x=8~16,既有多倍化也有非整倍化现象。染色体数据表明黄精族4个属的染色体进化模式各不相同,揭示了黄精族内染色体从高基数向低基数演化的规律;各属内染色体的演化主要是体现在二倍体水平上的核型变异,多倍化在本族中不占主导地位;仅黄精属内伴有非常强烈的非整倍化现象;细胞学证据与分子系统发育的结果比较吻合,为黄精族内属间以及属下的系统发育与进化提供了重要的参考资料。Base on the survey of cytological data from Polygonateae,we reviewed chromosome numbers and their variations of taxa from the tribe Polygonateae,including their polyploidization and aneuploidization e vents,and the correlation with phylogenetic relationships and geographic distribution. The tribe includes ca. 100 species from four genera of Maianthemum, Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum. Polygonatum shows a wide variation of chromosome base numbers mainly from 8 to 16 with both polyploidization and aneuploidization simultaneously, quite different from the other three genera with stable basic chromosomal numbers, i. e. ,Maianthemum （x= 18）, Heteropolygonatum （x= 16）, and Disporopsis （x=20）. Chromosomal data support the recognition of the 4 genera in the tribe, each showing a distinct chromosomal pattern. We also find that a decreasing trend of chromosomal basic number of taxa in the tribe. The chromosomal evolution of the tribe is dominantly on the diploidy level with less polyploidization and the aneuploidization events are only found in Polygonatum. Cytological data are highly consistent with the phylogenetic relationships and provide useful implications for the evolution of the tribe.

关 键 词：黄精族 染色体基数 染色体进化 非整倍化 

分 类 号：Q343.2[生物学—遗传学]