多倍体植物抗逆性研究进展  

Research Progress on Stress Resistance in Polyploidy Plants

作　　者：魏望[1] 施富超 王东玮[1] 彭丽[1,2] 葛刚[1] 孙宝腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学生命科学学院,南昌330031 [2]威士达医疗设备(上海)有限公司,南昌330031

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第4期846-856,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160297/C130407);江西省研究生创新专项资金(YC2015-S026)

摘　　要：许多逆境能诱导多倍体植物发生,并可能作为筛选压力推动多倍体的形成。多倍体植物具有细胞、器官巨大化的特点,但株型不一定巨大化。在几种主要逆境条件下(如低温、高温、干旱、盐碱、病害等),多倍体植物抗逆性往往增强。多倍体植物主要通过调整细胞大小和结构、调节生物膜系统、提高渗透调节物质含量、增强抗氧化系统活性、增加基因表达和通过表观遗传变化来增强抗逆性,但也有研究显示多倍体植物的抗逆性降低。多倍体植物的抗逆性还需要更深入和细致研究,才能阐明抗逆机理。该文对近年来国内外有关多倍体植物的形成、特征、抗逆性表现及其调控机制等方面的研究进展进行综述。Many researchers found that stress environment induced the formation of polyploidy plant. Sim- ultaneously, it might be the stress that acted as a key factor to select polyploidy plants to survive in that rigid environment. The size of cells and organs in polyploidy plants were always larger, but not of the size of the whole plant. Polyploidy plants had increased resistance in some major stress environments such as low temperature, high temperature, drought, salinity and pathogenic stress. The elevated resistance to stress was achieved due to changing the cell dimension and structure, changing the membrane system, en- hancing the osmotic substances, elevating the activity of antioxidative system, altering the gene expressing and epigenetic changes. However, there were also researchers showed that the stress resistance of polyploidy plants was shrunk down. We could not illustrate the mechanism of stress resistance of polyploidy plants unless do more detailed studies. This article presents a review on the formation and char- acteristics of polyploidy plants and its response and regulation mechanisms under stress conditions.

关 键 词：多倍体植物 逆境 抗逆性机理 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] Q343.244