植物MicroRNA介导的基因调控在作物改良中的应用潜能  

The Potential Application of microRNA-mediated Gene Regulation in Crop Improvement

作　　者：刘伟灿[1] 周永刚[1] 王兴超[1] 王法微[1] 王南[1] 董园园[1] 李晓薇[1] 李海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学生命科学学院生物反应器与药物开发教育部工程研究中心,长春130118

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2016年第4期6-15,共10页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：农业部国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08010-002);国家自然科学基金项目,(31271746,31201144,31101091);吉林省科技厅重点科技攻关项目(20150204027NY)

摘　　要：植物Micro RNAs(mi RNAs)是长度约22个核苷酸的內源、单链、非编码、小分子RNA,通过降解或抑制靶m RNA介导转录后沉默。随着高通量测序技术及各种研究技术的进步,越来越多的micro RNA被测序和验证,为利用基因工程手段进行作物改良提供了丰富的候选基因资源。综述了mi RNAs在生物胁迫、非生物胁迫和植物生长发育等方面的最新研究进展,同时分析了mi RNAs介导的基因调控在作物改良中的应用潜能,并介绍了几种基于mi RNA作用机制的植物基因工程改良作物的转基因新技术,如靶基因RNAi,人工mi RNAs(ami RNAs),Target Mimics(TM),超表达mi RNA-resistant tagerts;也讨论了基于mi RNA作用机制的转基因技术所面临的风险和挑战。Plant microRNAs （ miRNAs ） are small RNAs of approximate 22 nt, endogenous, single-strand, and non-coding. They play regulatory roles at post-transcription level by inhibiting translation or promoting the degradation of target mRNAs. With the advances in high- throughput sequencing technology and a variety of research techniques, more and more microRNAs have been predicted and validated, which provide a rich candidate gene resources for crop improvement through genetic engineering. This review highlights the recent advances in studies of biotic stress, abiotic stress, as well as plant growth and development, and then analyzes the potential of miRNA-mediated gene regulation for crop improvement. In addition, several transgenic technologies for genetically modified crops in plant genetic engineering with miRNA-based gene regulation are introduced, including RNAi of target gene, artificial miRNAs （ amiRNAs ）, target mimics （ TM ） and over-expressing miRNA-resistant targets. Also the potential risks and challenges of miRNA-based genetic modification technology are discussed.

关 键 词：MICRORNAS 靶基因 作物改良 RNAI amiRNAs Target MIMICS miRNA-resistant tagerts 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]