埇桥环境高风险区河流沿岸土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价  

Ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in soils at the high environmental risk area of the sub-branches of Huaihe River

作　　者：梁豹 杨永坚[1] 王先良[2,3] 钱岩[3] 吕占禄[3] 郭辰[3] 吴家兵[1,2] 赵淑莉[4] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生系,合肥230032 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [4]中国环境监测总站,北京100029

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2016年第2期257-262,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201309045);国家自然科学基金项目(20907047);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2012CB525005)资助

摘　　要：以安徽省宿州市埇桥区奎河、沱河岸边2 000 m范围内的9个村庄作为研究区域,在距离河岸500 m、1 000 m、2 000 m处采集表层土壤样品.使用ICP-MS法检测土壤样品中砷、镉、铬、镍、铅、铜和锌7种重金属的含量,并通过单因子评价法、内梅罗污染指数法及潜在生态风险指数法,评价奎河、沱河周边土壤的污染等级和潜在生态风险.共采集土壤样品27个,砷、镉的超标率为100%(27个),锌超标率37.0%(10个),镍超标率29.6%(8个),铜超标率25.9%(7个),铬超标率22.2%(6个),铅不超标.砷、镉、铬、镍、铜、锌的浓度均超过其背景值.单因子评价结果显示镉为中度污染,砷、铬为轻度污染,其他镍、铅、铜、锌4种重金属属于轻微污染范畴.内梅罗综合污染指数结果显示,奎河、沱河周边土壤综合指数为3.1,属于重度污染.奎河、沱河附近土壤的土壤生态风险值为166.8,该地区生态风险等级为强烈风险.评价结果显示该地区土壤存在一定程度的重金属污染,其生态风险已经超过可接受水平,亟待治理.The environmental health risk of the residents living in the sub-branches of Huaihe River has been a major concern for many years because of the severe water pollution. Detecting the content of metals in the soil around its sub-branches Kuihe River and Tuohe River and evaluating the potential ecological risk may provide basic information for local environmental management. Nine villages distributed within 2 000 m from Kuihe River and Tuohe River in Yongqiao District of Suzhou, Anhui Province, were selected as the study area. Soil samples were collected at sites 500 m, 1 000 m, and 2 000 m, respectively, away from each river. ICP-MS was used to detect the content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples. Single-factor method, Nemerow pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the level of soil contamination and potential ecological risk. Cd and As were over standard in all 27 samples; the over standard rate was 37.0% for Zn, 29.6% for Ni, 25.9% for Cu and 22.2% for Cr. The contents of Pb were all below the standards. The As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn concentrations all exceeded their background values. The results from single-factor method showed moderate Cd pollution, mild As and Cr pollution, and slight pollution of Ni, Pb, Cu, and Zn. The Nemerow pollution index of the soil surrounding Kuihe River and Tuohe River was 3.1, indicating severe pollution of the soil. The ecological risk value of the soil was 166.8,which demonstrated strong ecological risks of this area. The investigation indicated high contents of heavy metals in the soil and unacceptably great ecological risk in the study area. Effective treatment should be conducted to reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil.

关 键 词：土壤重金属污染 单因子评价 内梅罗污染指数法 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4