滇中地区4种覆被类型地表径流的氮磷流失特征  

Loss Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Runoff Under 4 Plant Cover Types in Central Yunnan Province

作　　者：李博[1,2] 阎凯[1] 付登高[1] 侯秀丽[3] 段昌群[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与环境学院,昆明650091 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [3]昆明学院生物技术系,昆明650214

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期50-55,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1133604);国家重大科技水专项(2012ZX07102-003)

摘　　要：采用径流小区研究自然降雨条件下,滇中地区4种覆被类型(荒坡灌草丛、云南松林、针阔混交林、桉树人工林)2010年雨季的径流量、泥沙输出量、氮磷流失量及动态变化特征。结果表明:年累积地表径流量和泥沙输出量荒坡灌草丛(7.14m^3/hm^2,0.06kg/hm^2)显著低于其它3种覆被类型,针阔混交林(29.38m^3/hm^2,0.31kg/hm^2)显著低于云南松林(46.26 m^3/hm^2,0.79kg/hm^2)和桉树人工林(49.18 m^3/hm^2,1.66kg/hm^2),云南松林和桉树人工林无显著差异;4种覆被类型降雨—径流呈对数关系,变率dy/dx大小顺序为荒坡灌草丛<针阔混交林<云南松林<桉树人工林;荒坡灌草丛、针阔混交林、云南松林和桉树人工林溶解性TN流失量分别为5.24,15.96,26.61,46.5g/hm^2,颗粒态TN流失量分别为8.83,8.59,69.15,88.57g/hm^2,溶解性TP流失量分别为0.19,0.90,1.52,4.89g/hm^2,颗粒态TP流失量分别为0.44,2.31,4.73,12.04g/hm^2,各覆被类型之间均存在显著性差异,其中桉树人工林氮磷流失显著高于其它覆被类型,表明结构单一的人工林控制水土流失能力较差;4种覆被类型氮磷流失量与地表径流量、泥沙输出量均呈极显著正相关关系,且以泥沙结合态为主,因此控制泥沙输出是减少研究区面源污染负荷的重要措施。By using runoff plot method,the surface runoff yield,sediment output,losses of total N and total P and their temporal change of 4typical plant cover types（shrubland,Pinus yunnanensis forest,coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,Eucalyptus plantation）in the central Yunnan province under natural rainfall condition during rainy season in 2010 were analyzed.The results showed that accumulative surface runoff yield and sediment output of shrubland（7.14m^3/hm^2,0.06kg/hm^2）were significantly lower than those in the other 3types of plant cover types,and accumulative surface runoff yield and sediment output of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest（29.38 m^3/hm^2,0.31kg/hm^2）were significantly lower than those of Pinus yunnanensis forest（46.26 m^3/hm^2,0.79kg/hm^2）and Eucalyptus plantation（49.18 m^3/hm^2,1.66kg/hm^2）,with no significant difference existing between Pinus yunnanensis forest and Eucalyptus plantation.The rainfall and surface runoff showed a logarithmic relationship in 4plant cover types,and the dy/dx listed in the order of shrubland〈coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest〈Pinus yunnanensis forest〈Eucalyptus plantation.Accumulative losses of dissolved total N in shrubland,coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,Pinus yunnanensis forest and Eucalyptus plantation were 5.24g/hm^2,15.96g/hm^2,26.61g/hm^2,and46.5g/hm^2,respectively,and those of particle total N were 8.83g/hm^2,38.59g/hm^2,69.15g/hm^2 and88.57g/hm^2,respectively,and those of dissolved total P were 0.19g/hm^2,0.90g/hm^2,1.52g/hm^2 and4.89g/hm^2,respectively,and those of particle total P were 0.44g/hm^2,2.31g/hm^2,4.73g/hm^2 and12.04g/hm^2,respectively,with both N and P losses being significantly different among the 4plant covertypes,and both total N and total P losses of Eucalyptus plantation were significantly higher than those of the other 3typical plant cover types,which showed that water conservation capacity of the artificial forest was poor,because of its simple community structure.Both N and P losses of the 4typi

关 键 词：覆被类型 地表径流 泥沙输出 氮流失 磷流失 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] S715[农业科学—农业基础科学]