生物质炭对黑土硝态氮淋失的影响  

Effects of Biochar Addition on Leaching of Nitrate Nitrogen in Black Soil

作　　者：王冰[1,2] 赵闪闪[1,2] 秦治家 高强[1,2] 娄玉杰[4] 刘淑霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [3]吉林省东辽县足民农业站,吉林东辽136615 [4]吉林农业大学动物科技学院,长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期73-79,87,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20110202);吉林省科技引导计划项目(201205057);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20110303);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(nycytx-38)

摘　　要：为探究不同类型和不同用量生物质炭对黑土硝态氮(NO_3^-—N)淋失的影响,采用室内土柱模拟法进行淋溶试验,探究了3种来源(玉米秸秆、稻壳、松木)和4个添加比例(0.6%,1.2%,3.6%,6%)的生物质炭对黑土淋溶液的pH、电导率(EC)、体积、淋溶液中NO_3^-—N浓度及土壤NO_3^-—N淋失量的影响。结果表明:淋溶液的pH和EC与生物质炭的施用量呈正比,且3种生物质炭对淋溶液pH的影响表现为玉米秸秆>稻壳>松木;对淋溶液EC的影响表现为稻壳>松木>玉米秸秆。淋溶液体积与生物质炭的施用量呈反比,CK处理中累积淋溶液体积为2 530ml,玉米秸秆、稻壳和松木生物质炭的各处理中均为6%处理的累积淋溶液体积最低,分别比CK降低了16.91%,10.77%和10.70%。施用生物质炭可降低淋溶液中NO_3^-—N浓度,CK处理中淋溶液NO_3^-—N浓度范围为38.09~5.02 mg/L,玉米秸秆生物质炭中1.2%处理的淋溶液NO_3^-—N浓度最低,范围为21.31~0.74mg/L;稻壳、松木生物质炭中3.6%处理的淋溶液NO_3^-—N浓度最低,范围分别为21.86~1.06mg/L和22.76~1.11mg/L。施用生物质炭降低了土壤NO_3^-—N淋失量,不同生物质炭对其影响表现为玉米秸秆>稻壳>松木,当玉米秸秆生物质炭的添加比例为1.2%,稻壳及松木制备的生物质炭添加比例为3.6%时,土壤NO_3^-—N淋失量最低。因此,向黑土中施用生物质炭可以增加淋溶液的pH和EC,降低淋溶液体积和其中所含NO_3^-—N的浓度,从而减少了土壤中NO_3^-—N的淋失量。In this study,a laboratory column simulation experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different biochar（corn-stalk biochar,rice-hull biochar and larch biochar）at 4rates of application（0.6%,1.2%,3.6%,6%）on pH,EC,volume and NO3^-—N concentration of leaching solution and NO3^-—N leaching amount in black soil.The results showed that biochar application increased the pH and EC of soil leaching solution,and with the increasing application rate of biochar,pH and EC of soil leaching solution increased.The effects of 3kinds of biochar on pH of soil leaching solution listed in the order of corn-stalk biochar〉rice-hull biochar〉larch biochar,and the effects on EC of soil leaching solution listed in the order of rice-hull biochar〉larch biochar〉corn-stalk biochar.The volume of soil leaching solution was negatively correlated with the application rates of biochar.The cumulative leaching solution volume of CK was 2 530 ml.In all treatments of 3kinds of biochar at 4rates of application,the minimum volume of the cumulative leaching solution was at the application rate of 6%.Compared to CK,the corn-stalk biochar,rice-hull biochar and larch biochar reduced cumulative leaching solution by 16.91%,10.77% and 10.70%,respectively.Biochar application reduced the NO3^-—N concentration in leaching solution.In CK treatment,the range of NO3^-—N concentrationwas from 38.09mg/L to 5.02mg/L,and in the treatment of corn-stalk biochar at the rate of 1.2%,there was the lowest NO3^-—N concentration,within the range from 21.31mg/L to 0.74mg/L.In the treatments of rice-hull and larch biochar at the rate of 3.6%,NO3^-—N concentration was the lowest,within the range from 21.86 mg/L to 1.06 mg/L and from 22.76 mg/L to 1.11 mg/L,respectively.Biochar application decreased the NO3^-—N leaching amount in soil,and the effects of 3kinds of biochar listed in the order of corn-stalk biocharrice-hull biocharlarch biochar.The leaching amount of NO3^-—N in soil was the lowest when the corn-stalk biochar was applied at the ra

关 键 词：玉米秸秆生物质炭 稻壳生物质炭 松木生物质炭 硝态氮 淋失 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S156.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]