布设植物篱条件下工程堆积体坡面产流产沙过程研究  

Study on Process of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Slopes of Engineering Accumulation with Measurement of Hedgerows

作　　者：杜捷[1] 高照良[1,2] 王凯[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期102-106,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：为了探究植物篱措施对工程堆积体坡面产流产沙过程和减流减沙效益的影响,采用35,45,55L/min 3个流量,对24°,28°,32°3个坡度的堆积体边坡(20m×5m标准小区)进行模拟放水冲刷试验。结果表明:植物篱坡面的初始产流时间和产流强度较对照坡面(裸坡)均有不同程度减小,产流强度在时间尺度上表现为间歇性波动上升;植物篱坡面产沙率先增大后减小,产沙率整体低于对照坡面,且二者差值随时间逐渐缩小;小流量条件下产沙较稳定,大流量条件下产沙率变化较大;产沙量与产流量之间有良好的线性关系;植物篱措施的平均减沙效益随坡度增大而减弱,平均减流效益随坡度增加而增大,减沙效益仅与坡度有显著相关性。减流效益与减沙效益的关系较复杂,但降低工程堆积体坡面坡度仍是防治水土流失的关键,对于植物篱措施减流减沙的局限性,应通过提升植物篱的布设参数来改善。In order to explore the influence of hedgerows on process of runoff and sediment yield and benefits of runoff and sediment reduction on slopes of engineering accumulation,the field pouring water scouring experiments were conducted with different designed inflow rates（35 L/min,45 L/min,55 L/min）and different slope gradients（24°,28°,32°）in 6normal run-off plots of 5m×20m.The results showed that runoff-yielding time and runoff intensity on slopes with hedgerows decreased to different degrees compared with those on bare slopes.Runoff intensity showed an increasing trend with time,with intermittent fluctuations.Sediment-yielding rates increased at first and then reduced.On slopes with hedgerows,sediment-yielding rates generally decreased compared with control slope and the differences reduced with time.Moreover,under the condition of large inflow rates,sediment-yielding rates had great changes,while they showed a stable trend under small inflow rates.Sediment yield amount showed a linear correlation with the increase of runoff yield amount.Under the measurements of hedgerows,only slope gradient showed significant correlation with benefits of sediment reduction.Average value of benefits of runoff reduction rised with the increase of slope gradient,while that of sediment reduction had an opposite trend.There is a complex relationship between the benefits of runoff reduction and sediment reduction.One of the key measurements of controlling soil and water loss is reducing slope gradient of engineering accumulation.As the effect of sediment reduction of hedgerows is limited,hedgerow parameter should be reconsidered.

关 键 词：植物篱 工程堆积体 产流产沙 减流减沙效益 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]