水氮互作对冬小麦耗水特性和氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Interaction on Water Consumption Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization of Winter Wheat

作　　者：黄玲[1,2] 杨文平[1,2] 胡喜巧[1] 陶烨[1] 姚素梅[1] 欧行奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003 [2]现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期168-174,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309227;51509085);河南科技学院博士科研启动基金项目(201010613002)

摘　　要：为了探讨河南省豫北地区水氮互作下冬小麦耗水特性、植株氮素积累和氮素利用率等指标的变化特征,结合当地冬小麦灌溉施肥制度设置水氮两因素裂区试验,水分为主区,氮素为副区,设置3个灌溉水平:W0(返青后不灌水)、W1(返青后灌拔节水)和W2(返青后灌拔节水和灌浆水);在每个灌溉水平下设置3个施氮水平:N0(不施氮)、N1(150kg/hm^2)和N2(225kg/hm^2),每次灌水量75mm。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,冬小麦生育前期的阶段耗水量、日耗水强度和生育后期的耗水模系数增加。随着灌溉的增加,N0的氮收获指数高于施氮处理,施氮提高了植株氮素积累量和籽粒含氮量,且N1的氮吸收率高于N2。在相同施氮量下,灌水有利于提高氮肥生产率和小麦的籽粒产量。水分对籽粒产量和氮素利用率的贡献率高于氮素,氮素对水分利用效率贡献率较高。在干旱胁迫初期可通过施氮来提高土壤贮水的利用率。灌水可以补偿因施氮量不足导致的籽粒产量降低,而施氮过多对灌水的补偿效应较小。本地区冬小麦灌溉施肥制度为冬灌返青后灌拔节水和灌浆水,施氮为150kg/hm^2时,籽粒产量最高,水分利用效率较高,植株氮素积累量、氮吸收效率和氮肥生产率相对较优,可供实际生产中参考。In order to discuss the irrigation and nitrogen interaction on water consumption characteristics,Naccumulation,water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in northern Henan province,the split plot design was employed with the main plot of water,the sub-plot of nitrogen fertilizer combined with the irrigation and fertilizer application system of local winter wheat.3treatments of irrigation levels were set as follows：W0（no irrigation after turning green）,W1（jointing water after turning green）and W2（jointing and filling water after turning green）;and 3nitrogen rates were set under each irrigation level：N0（0）,N1（150kg/hm^2）and N2（225kg/hm^2）,with 75 mm irrigation amount every time.The results showed that with the improvement of nitrogen supply,the stage water consumption amount（CA）and the average daily water consumption（CD）at earlier period,and the coefficient of water consumption model（CP）at later period increased.With the increase of irrigation,nitrogen index of N0 was higher than that of N fertilization treatment,but N fertilization could obviously increase plant nitrogen accumulation amount and grain nitrogen accumulation amount,and the nitrogen uptake efficiency of N1 was higher than that of N2.With the same N fertilization treatment,irrigation was favorable for the improvement of nitrogen productivity and grain yield.Meanwhile,the contribution of water on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency was higher than that of nitrogen,while nitrogen contributed to WUE higher than water.In conclusion,at the earlier stage of drought stress,increasing N application rate increased utilization rate of soil water.Irrigation after nitrogen stress had compensatory effects on grain yield.Excessive nitrogenous fertilizer could reduce compensation effect of irrigation.On the basis of this conclusion,with irrigation on the jointing and filling stage and nitrogen application at 150kg/hm^2 rate,the highest yield,greater water/nitrogen-use efficiencies,nitrogen accumulation

关 键 词：冬小麦 耗水特性 水分利用效率 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S512.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]