双季玉米种植下长期施肥改变红壤氮磷活化能力  

Long-term Fertilization Changes Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Activation in Red Soil Under Double Maize System

作　　者：柳开楼[1] 胡志华[1] 叶会财[1] 李大明[1] 黄庆海[1] 余喜初[1] 徐小林[1] 胡惠文[1] 周利军[1] 王赛莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/江西省红壤研究所,南昌330046

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期187-192,207,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203030);江西省科技支撑计划项目(20141BBF60050);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD41B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)子课题项目(2011CB100501)

摘　　要：为了系统研究南方丘陵区红壤氮磷养分活化程度对长期施肥和玉米连作模式的响应规律,研究选取江西进贤红壤旱地双季玉米长期试验的不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、2倍氮磷钾配施(HNPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKOM)等处理,分析其27a内(1986—2013年)土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和氮磷活化度的时间序列变化,并研究了土壤氮磷的增加速率以及土壤有机碳与氮磷活化度的相互关系。结果表明,各处理对氮磷活化度的提升效果存在明显差异。试验27a间,施氮处理对氮活化度的提升效果在60.25%~105.35%之间,以NPK处理为最高,HNPK和NPKOM次之;施磷处理对磷活化度的提升效果在2.29~15.40倍之间,以NPKOM处理为最高,HNPK和P处理次之。NPKOM处理对碱解氮和速效磷的提升作用在所有处理中均为最高。施肥处理提升氮磷活化度的主要原因是提升了碱解氮和有效磷。与试验前相比,连续27a施肥后,NPKOM处理的土壤全氮和全磷仅增加了25.02%和145.16%,而碱解氮和全磷则分别增加了131.46%和38.39倍,导致氮磷活化度分别增加了85.14%和15.40倍。土壤氮活化度与土壤有机碳不存在线性关系,而磷活化度则表现出随土壤有机碳含量增加而逐渐增加的趋势,且土壤有机碳含量与磷素活化度呈显著的正相关关系(R^2=0.264 1,P<0.05)。因此,在红壤旱地双季玉米种植模式中,有机无机肥配施是提升土壤氮磷养分含量和氮磷活化度的重要措施,磷的活化程度明显高于氮,但速效氮磷养分的大幅增加也可能导致环境风险。This study was carried out based on long-term field experiment of red soil under double maize system in Jiangxi province,which included no fertilizer（CK）,nitrogen fertilizer（N）,phosphorus fertilizer（P）,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers（NP）,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers（NPK）,double amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers（HNPK）,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers（NPKOM）.Then,the soil total or available nitrogen and phosphorus contents,nutrient activation rate of different treatments were analyzed from 1986 to 2013,and the relationships between soil organic carbon and nutrient activation rate were discussed.The results showed that：There was variation in promotion of soil nitrogen and phosphorus activation among different treatments.Among 27 years,nitrogen fertilization could increase nitrogen activation rate by 60.25% to 105.35%,and it was showed that NPK treatment was better than HNPK and NPKOM;phosphorus fertilization could improve phosphorus activation rate by 2.29 to 15.40 times,and it indicated that NPKOM showed more significant effect than HNPK and P treatments.Meanwhile,soil available nitrogen and phosphorus increments of NPKOM were higher than those of other treatments in 27 years.Fertilization could improve nitrogen and phosphorus activation rates because that they could increase soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents.Compared with the initial values in soil,soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents of NPKOM treatment were increased by 1.31 times and 38.39 times after 27-year fertilization,but soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were increased by 25.02% and 145.16%,respectively,which were lower than the increase extents of available nutrients.Therefore,soil nitrogen and phosphorus activation rates were improved by 85.14%and 15.40 times,respectively.The increments of soil available phosphorus and phosphorus activation rates were significantly higher than that of soil nitrogen activation rate.

关 键 词：红壤 土壤养分活化 长期试验 双季玉米 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]