农业有机废弃物对黑土腐殖质元素组成的影响  

Effects of Agricultural Organic Wastes on Elemental Composition of Humic Substance in Black Soil

作　　者：赵欣宇[1] 吴景贵[1] 刘文利[1] 曲晓晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期301-306,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"松辽平原区农牧结合循环生产技术集成研究与示范项目"(2012BAD14B05);国家科技支撑计划项目"东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用"(2013BAC09B01);吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目"高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广"(20130303035NY)

摘　　要：以循环农业为指导,选取5种具有代表性的农业有机废弃物(秸秆、牛粪、鸡粪、菌渣、树叶)与化肥配施进行腐解培养还田试验,以不施肥(CK)和单施化肥(NPK)作为对照,系统的研究了3a后它们对黑土腐殖质胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和胡敏素(HM)元素组成的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,NPK处理并没有对黑土腐殖质元素组成产生明显影响。不同种类有机废弃物与化肥配施可显著提高HA的N、H和O元素含量,降低C元素含量,其中牛粪与化肥配施处理结果不同;5种配施处理均降低了HA的缩合度,且有利于HA中含氮基团的形成。配施处理提高了FA的C和N元素含量,降低O元素含量,但FA的缩合度几乎不变,其中,牛粪和菌渣与化肥配施处理对FA的元素组成影响具有相似性。无论单施化肥还是配施处理,HA的[O]/[C]原子个数比均小于FA,说明FA中含有较多的烷氧基和羧基。配施处理使HMi的H元素含量降低,而O元素含量升高,且各处理之间差异显著;同时提高了HMc的芳香度,使其结构变复杂,以鸡粪与化肥配施作用最为显著。由此可见,有机废弃物与化肥配合施用均对黑土腐殖质元素组成产生了一定的影响,显著优于单施化肥,具有良好的培肥效果,其中以牛粪和秸秆与化肥配施较好,菌渣、树叶及鸡粪与化肥配施次之。In this paper,the 3-year pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of 5typical agricultural organic wastes combined with chemical fertilizers on elemental composition of humic acid（HA）,fulvic acid（FA）and humin（HM）in black soil.The experiment included 7treatments：combined application of maize straw and chemical fertilizers（MS＋NPK）,combined application of cow manure and chemical fertilizers（CM＋NPK）,combined application of chicken dung and chemical fertilizers（CD＋NPK）,combined application of fungus dregs and chemical fertilizers（FD＋NPK）,combined application of leaves and chemical fertilizers（LF＋NPK）,with the no fertilization treatment（CK）and chemical fertilizers（NPK）as control.The main results were as follow：compared with CK,NPK treatment had no obvious influence on the elemental composition of humus.After 3years,application of different types of organic wastes and chemical fertilizers resulted significant increase of the content of nitrogen（N）,hydrogen（H）and oxygen（O）in HA,while reduced carbon（C）content IN HA,and cow manure and chemical fertilizers could be distinguished from other treatments,which enhanced condensation degree and the content of nitrogen-containing groups of HA.Organic wastes combined with chemical fertilizer treatments could also increase the content of C and N of FA,reduce O content,but the condensation degree of FA was almost unchanged.Among these treatments,the cow manure or fungus dregs with chemical fertilizer treatments had high similarities in their effects on elemental composition of FA.Regardless of NPK or chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure treatments,the ratio of[O]/[C]of HA was less than FA,which showed that FA contained more alkoxy and carboxyl groups.The combined application of organic wastes with chemical fertilizers resulted significant decrease of H,while enhanced thecontent of O of humin linked to iron（HMi）,and there was a remarkable difference among different treatments.At the same ti

关 键 词：有机培肥 农业有机废弃物 黑土 腐殖质 元素组成 

分 类 号：S153.622[农业科学—土壤学]