长山核桃‘马汉’中锌元素含量的动态变化  

Dynamic changes of zinc element in Carya illinoinensis‘Mahan'

作　　者：黄瑞敏[1] 李健[1] 袁紫倩 沈超[1] 孙志超[1] 王红红[1] 沈潇[1] 王正加[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江临安311300 [2]杭州市林业科学研究院,杭州310022

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第5期570-577,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：浙江省林业厅项目(2014B01);中央财政林业科技推广项目〔2015〕TS 04号;浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2012C12904);浙江省科技厅重大项目(2011C14010);宁海县科技项目(20120909)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示长山核桃‘马汉’品种不同发育阶段锌元素含量的变化规律及与其他元素间的相关性。【方法】以12 a生长山核桃‘马汉’为试材,利用原子吸收分光光度法等方法测定元素,研究锌元素含量的动态变化。【结果】0~20cm土层全锌和有效锌含量的均值分别为104.81 mg·kg^(-1)、2.72 mg·kg^(-1),20~40 cm土层全锌和有效锌含量的均值分别为112.94 mg·kg^(-1)、1.42 mg·kg^(-1),土壤全锌含量随着土层深度增加而增加,有效锌含量随着土层深度增加而减少。0~20cm土层的p H和土层中全锌含量、20~40 cm土层的pH和土壤有效锌均呈显著正相关。从芽萌动期到雄花序脱落期,锌含量在各器官中的平均值高低顺序为:雄花序>叶片>雌花序>细根;从果实硬核末期到果实成熟期,锌含量在各器官中的平均值高低顺序为:外果皮>种仁>叶片>果壳>细根。果实发育期,果壳和外果皮中的锌向种仁中运输。【结论】长山核桃不同器官锌元素的含量和累积量在不同生长发育阶段呈现一定规律的变化。不同物候期各器官锌元素与其他必需矿质元素处于拮抗和协同的动态平衡。此研究能为指导长山核桃平衡配方施肥、提高产量和改善品质提供科学依据。【Objective】Zinc has important physiological and nutritional functions, which affect many physiological process of plants. Zinc deficiency leads to decrease in auxin content in pecan‘Mahan＇. The growth and development of pecan‘Mahan＇becomes stunted due to shortage of zinc in the soil. In this study, we analyzed the dynamic changes of zinc element in pecan‘Mahan＇to provide scientific basis for Zn fertilization and cultivation of pecan.【Methods】The study was carried out at an orchard located in Jiande city, Zhejiang province, China（119°18′21″E, 29°34′42″N）. The orchard was 110 m above sea level and at a slope of 25 degrees. The annual average temperature was 16.9 degrees Celsius, with a frost-free period of 254 D, an average annual total sunshine hours of 1 760 and annual rainfall of 1 818.8 mm. 12-year-old pecan‘Mahan＇trees were used as materials to analyze the change pattern of zinc content in plant. Leaves, inflorescence and fruit were sampled from middle-layered branches at the east, south, west and north of the canopy. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Fine root was sampled from 0-30 cm and 20-40 cm depth soil. Sampling was carried out monthly with a total of 8 time points for sampling throughout the growth period. During the sampling phase, no fertilization was carried out. General analysis methods of soil samples were used. The available zinc content in soil was extracted using hydrochloric acid solution method and quantified with atomic absorption spectrophotometry method.The total zinc content in soil was extracted using hydrofluoric acid, digested with perchloric acid and determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The p H value in the soil was determined using potentiometric method. Zinc content in plant samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Nitrogen content was determined using Kjeldahl determination. Phosphorus content was determined using Mo-Sb colorimetry. Contents of other elements were det

关 键 词：长山核桃 微量元素 有效锌 全锌 植物器官 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]