梨矮化中间砧新品种‘中矮4号’的选育  

A new interstock cultivar for pear dwarf cultivation,‘Zhongai 4'

作　　者：姜淑苓[1] 欧春青[1] 王斐[1] 马力[1] 李连文[1] 郝宁宁[1] 贾敬贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所.农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第5期633-636,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203075-05);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD02B01);辽宁省果树产业技术体系专项(LNGSCYTX-15-X);辽宁省科学技术计划(201400176);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

摘　　要：‘中矮4号’是从‘锦香’梨实生后代中选育出的梨矮化砧木新品种。树体矮化紧凑,1 a生株高仅29.5 cm,相当于乔化型‘早酥’梨的22.1%;枝条萌芽率高,发枝力中,轻度短截每剪口下平均抽生3.5个壮枝;枝条扦插难以生根,宜作中间砧使用;枝条较短,作接穗繁殖系数一般。与基砧和接穗嫁接亲和性好,接口光滑,无大小脚现象;矮化性好,砧段长度为20 cm,嫁接‘早酥’‘华酥’‘早金香’‘南果梨’等品种的平均矮化程度为60.1%;早果性及早期丰产性明显高于对照;对嫁接品种果实品质无明显影响。较抗梨枝干轮纹病和梨干腐病;抗寒性较强,在辽宁兴城地区无冻害。适于在辽宁中南部梨栽培区推广应用。‘Zhongai 4＇is a new interstock cultivar with excellent dwarfing efficiency on scions of most pear cultivars. The seedling resulted from a naturally pollinated seeds of‘Jinxiang＇pear in 1990. To evaluate the dwarfing efficiency of the interstock cultivar, the most vigorous cultivar‘Zaosu＇pear was grafted on the seedling rootstock in 1992. Primary testing of these rootstock-scion combination began in 1993 and it had good dwarfing efficiency on scions of‘Zaosu＇pear.‘Zhongai 4＇was tested with the scions of most pear cultivars from 1995 to 2002 and was selected as a dwarfing interstock. After regional trials at some areas of Beijing Municipality and Liaoning Province from 2003 to 2008, it was finally confirmed as a dwarfing interstock in 2009 and registration was achieved from the Seed Administration Bureau of Liaoning Province in 2014.‘Zhongai 4＇is dwarf and compact, the height of one year old tree is only 29.5 cm,about 22.1% of the vigorous cultivar‘Zaosu＇pear tree. Its shoot has a high budding rate and a moderate branching ability. Its shoot is hard to root by cutting and it can be only used as inter-stock. It has a general propagation coefficient for its short shoot. Its fruit is round, small, tasted bad and unsuitable to eat. As a interstock（20 cm of stem length）,‘Zhongai 4＇had a good compatibility with rootstocks and scions and caused an average dwarfing coefficient of 60.1% on the cultivars of‘Zaosu＇,‘Huasu＇,‘Zaojinxiang＇and‘Nanguoli＇pear. It also promoted the grafted tree fruit earlier and yield higher than control without significantly changing fruit quality.‘Zhongai 4＇has good resistance to pear branch ring rot and rot disease.‘Zhongai 4＇is suitable for popularizing and using as interstock in the pear cultivation areas at central south of Liaoning Province. The interstock seedlings of‘Zhongai 4＇is generally bred by bud grafting method in three years with the interstock stem length of 25 cm. Orchard should be established in a flat place with fert

关 键 词：梨 新品种 '中矮4号’ 矮化砧木 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]