四川省居民健康教育服务供给与需求的定性研究  

Residents` health education demand and supply in Sichuan Province:a qualitative survey

作　　者：陈跃辉[1] 冉茂琴 徐凡凡 谢娜 孙率 吴玉菊[1] 杨文博[1] 周欢[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院(华西第四医院),四川成都610041 [2]四川省卫生与计划生育委员会,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第9期1626-1629,1633,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技厅;四川省软科学研究计划项目:2013ZR0192;美国中华医学基金会:CMB 12-118

摘　　要：目的了解四川省城乡居民健康教育供给与需求现状,为进一步促进健康教育机构的有效服务提供科学依据。方法依据健康素养具备率将健康素养监测点划分为好、中、差3个等级,每个等级中随机抽取一个城市监测点和一个农村监测点,共计6个。采用方便抽样在每个监测点选择10名城乡常住居民进行访谈。基于健康教育服务的供给与需求相关专题开展讨论,收集定性资料。运用主题框架法对资料进行整理和分析。结果本次调查共进行6个焦点组访谈,其中3个农村组,3个城市组,共计居民60人。关于健康相关认知问题,农村组总正确率为59.33%,城市组为77.33%;所有城乡居民都希望获得健康相关知识技能;对于健康教育服务模式,农村居民希望通过发放传单及宣传册以及观看电视获得知识和技能,城市居民则希望通过健康讲座、传单及宣传册、义诊活动获得;农村居民对健康教育机构知晓率为60.00%,好评率仅为33.33%,城市居民知晓率和好评率均为100.00%。城乡居民对卫生服务机构提出了多项建议,主要为增加宣传单、宣传册的发放;对于特定人群进行有针对性的宣传。结论居民特别是农村居民的健康相关知识水平较低,对健康教育服务的需求较高。健康教育机构的服务重点应在农村居民,以他们喜闻乐见的方式进行健康教育服务。Objective To get an overview of the status of health education demand and supply in Sichuan Province, and to provide scientific evidence on improving the effectiveness of health education institutions. Methods We recruited focus group with multi - stage random sampling method, and thematic framework analysis method was used to analysis the qualitative data. Results 3 rural focus groups and 3 urban focus groups were interviewed. The correct rate of questions on health - related knowledge in rural focus groups was 59.33% while it＇s 77.33% in urban focus groups. Differences between rural and urban residents on the favorite method of acquiring health education were also observed. In rural areas, residents were fund of brochures or TV shows on health education. Meanwhile,urban residents tend to take community lectures or brochures on health education and community counseling services. The awareness rate of professional health education institutions among rural focus groups were only 60.00% ,and 33.33% think positive of those institutions＇ work. Meanwhile, the awareness rate among urban focus groups were 100% , and 100% of them held a positive opinion. All rural and urban focus groups provided advice as improve health education institutes, provide more health education materials and provide targeted health education service. Conclusion The residents showed relatively low health literacy status, especially rural residents, and there exist an urgent demand for health education. Previous health education work did not cover all rural residents and did not gain a solid reputation among rural residents. The health education institutions should focus on rural residents and provide health education service through the methods that the residents like. And then help the residents get a substantial health promotion.

关 键 词：四川居民 健康教育服务 需求 供给 主题框架法 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]