想象成功:模式2世界中创新型科学的修辞  

Imagining Success:The Rhetoric of Innovative Science in the Mode 2 World

作　　者：丹尼尔.李.克莱曼 格瑞哥.东尼 诺阿.维斯.费恩斯坦 游蠡[2] 

机构地区：[1]威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校 [2]北京大学教育学院

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2016年第1期1-12,188,共12页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：西格瑞德.彼得森(SigridPeterson)的研究资助;国家科学基金(PRJ61JS);威斯康星校友研究基金;威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校研究与研究生教育副教务长办公室(资助来自WARF)对研究项目的支持;丹尼尔.李.克莱曼也得到韩国研究基金(NRF-2010-330-B00169)

摘　　要：在被吉本斯及其同事称为模式2科学的世界,何为"成功"?本文通过对美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校两所研究机构参与创建或从事研究的相关人员进行访谈,考察他们如何想象所在研究机构及其科学家的"成功"。受访者的反馈可归纳为有限的几种范畴。大多数反馈在总体上证实了与模式2科学相联系的一些特征:"交叉-"、"超-"、"多-"或"跨-"学科性,合作研究,产业与学术的边界模糊或合作日益推进,以及更强调公共问责。几乎没有受访者在阐述他们对成功的理解时,提供显著的确切证据。这可能是无可避免的。我们生活在一个复杂的世界,这个世界中我们最为看重的各种目标不可能为一些简单的标准所轻易测量。正是测量投入、产出以及特征的无力,使得背景多样、目标不一的人们能够聚在一起想象成功,用着相同的术语却可能并非指向同一件事。作者最后指出模式2或者至少是最常与之相联的那些维度,在科学政策制定者、科学家等群体中已然成为一种信念——意识形态——而未必是一种经验现实。What does success look like in the world of what Michael Gibbons and his colleagues call Mode 2 science? In this paper,we explore how those involved in creating or doing work in two research institutes at the University of Wisconsin-Madison(USA)imagine the success of their research institute and the scientists in it.The responses of our interviewees fit into a limited number of categories.Most of these broadly conform to the characteristics associated with Mode 2 science;inter-,trans-,multi- or cross-disciplinarity,collaboration,blurring connections between or promoting more collaboration between industry and academia,and being more publicly accountable.Few of our respondents offer significant precision when articulating their ideas about success.We suggest that it could probably not be otherwise.We live in a complex world in which the goals we value most cannot easily be captured by simple metrics.The inability to measure inputs,output,and characteristics allows diverse groups of people who might not agree on a precisely formulated agenda to come together and claim success,using the same terms,but not necessarily meaning precisely the same thing.In the end,we suggest that Mode 2,or at least the dimensions most often associated with it,has become something of an article of faith—an ideology—among science policymakers,scientists and others,not necessarily an empirical reality.

关 键 词：模式2科学 成功 威斯康星探索研究所 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]