北京市朝阳区工作场所中低浓度铅调查及健康影响分析  

Investigation and health effects of low concentration lead in Chaoyang District Beijing

作　　者：赵永梅[1] 魏云芳[1] 段晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100021

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2016年第3期212-215,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：北京市卫计委专项项目(201145)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市朝阳区低浓度铅作业的企业生产环境及对作业工人的影响,为职业病危害的防治和管理提供科学依据。方法对该区主要使用和生产铅的6家企业2011—2013年生产环境进行连续动态监测;对企业126名工人进行职业病健康检查,其中接铅组68人,平均年龄为（37.1±9.7）岁,平均工龄为（15.5±10.1）a;对照组58人,平均年龄为（34.0±6.7）岁,平均工龄为（9.3±6.1）a。结果 6家企业的动态监测数据中铅烟浓度在0.000 4-0.020 0mg/m3之间,远低于国家职业卫生标准,属低浓度铅作业。然而,接铅组共68人中有3人检出尿铅浓度〉70μg/L,超标率为2.4%。无铅中毒诊断和报告。接铅组的尿蛋白、尿糖、尿胆原、尿胆红素、尿潜血,血红蛋白异常率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论低浓度铅作业对人体仍存在危害,因此低铅环境作业员工职业健康问题仍不容忽视,应加强宣传教育,加强监管,以预防和控制慢性职业性铅中毒的发生。Objective To understand the working environment condition of lead pollution and the influence on workers＇health in these lead-exposed enterprises in Chaoyang District,Beijing,in order to provide the scientific evidence for prevention,control and management the occupational hazards.Methods Working environment of the lead-exposed enterprises was continuously monitored in Chaoyang District from 2011 to 2013;Occupational health examination was conducted among 126 workers in the enterprises.Among them,there were the lead group of 68 people,average age was（37.1±9.7）,the average length of service for the（15.5±10.1）a;and control group of 58 people,average age was（34.0±6.7）,the average length of service for the（9.3 ＋ 6.1）a.Results In the continuous monitoring data of 6companies,lead smoke density was between 0.000 4-0.020 0mg/m3,far below the national occupational health standards,belonging to low concentration lead.In the lead group,however,there were 3people with the urine lead concentrations70mu g/L in the total of 68 people,accounting for 2.4%.But no lead poisoning was diagnosed and reported.In addition,the lead group had higher urine protein,urine sugar,urinary bile,urine,urine occult blood bilirubin,hemoglobin abnormal rate compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusions the situation in the lead-exposed enterprises of Chaoyang District,Beijing was not particularly serious,but the occupational health hazards shouldn＇t be ignored.In order to prevent and control the occurrence of occupational lead poisoning,the government still should strengthen the health education and management.

关 键 词：低浓度铅 职业危害 尿铅 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]