喀斯特地区不同等级石漠化对土壤性质的响应  

Response of soil properties to different grades of rocky desertification in karst area

作　　者：颜萍[1,2] 熊康宁[1,2] 王恒松[1,2] 杨皓[1,2] 胡晚枚 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第4期557-563,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B01);贵州省科技计划重大专项项目(黔科合重大专项字[2014]6007号);贵州师范大学研究生创新基金项目(2014[24])

摘　　要：【目的】研究贵州典型喀斯特地区不同等级石漠化的土壤性质特征,为喀斯特石漠化脆弱生态环境的综合治理提供理论依据。【方法】选取喀斯特地区4种等级石漠化（强度石漠化、中度石漠化、轻度石漠化和潜在石漠化）的12个样地,采样后测定并分析土壤物理及化学性质指标。【结果】土壤物理性质方面,随石漠化等级程度增加,土壤持水能力降低、土壤容重增加、总孔隙度降低。土壤化学性质方面,随石漠化等级程度增加,土壤p H变化规律不明显,但整体养分含量降低。中度、轻度和潜在石漠化土壤有机质含量分别比强度石漠化高12.78%、41.49%和48.84%。全氮含量为0.97～1.14 g/kg,碱解氮含量为81.86～171.81 mg/kg,两者均表现为潜在石漠化〉轻度石漠化〉中度石漠化〉强度石漠化。不同等级石漠化土壤的全磷、全钾含量无显著性差异（P〉0.05,下同）。土壤速效磷含量为8.55～11.17 mg/kg,潜在石漠化显著高于其他等级石漠化（P〈0.05,下同）。土壤速效钾含量为84.87～110.87 mg/kg,强度石漠化显著低于其他等级石漠化。相关性分析结果表明,土壤水含量与田间持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01,下同）,与容重呈极显著负相关;有机质与土壤水含量、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾呈极显著正相关,与田间持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、全磷、全钾和速效磷呈显著正相关,与容重呈显著负相关;土壤全氮与土壤水含量、田间持水量、有机质、碱解氮和速效磷呈极显著正相关,与总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和速效钾呈显著正相关。【结论】喀斯特地区随石漠化等级增加,其土壤理化性质减弱,养分含量降低。土壤各理化性质指标间紧密相关,其中土壤水含量、有机质和全氮含量是反映该地区不同等级石漠化土壤理化性质[Objective]The property characteristics of soil in typical karst area of Guizhou at different rockY desertifi- cation grades was investigated, in order to provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive management of karst rocky deser- tification of vulnerable ecological environment. [MethodlA total of 12 sample plots at four rocky desertification grades （se- vere, moderate, slight and potential rocky desertification） were selected in karst area. Then the physicochemieal indexes of soil samples were determined and analyzed. [Result]In aspect of soil physical properties, with increase of rocky deserti- fication grade, the soil water-holding capacity was decreased, soil bulk density was increased, and total porosity was de- creased. In aspect of soil chemical properties, with increase of rocky desertification grade, the change law of soil pH was not obvious, while the overall nutrient content was reduced. In addition, the organic matter contents of ~soils at moderate, slight and potential rocky desertification grades was 12.78%, 41.49% and 48：84% higher than that of soils at severe rocky desertification grade, respectively. Furthermore, total nitrogen content was 0.97-1.14 g/kg, hydrolysis nitrogen content was 81.86-171.81 mg/kg, both indicated that the order of rocky desertification grades was potential rocky desertification〉slight rocky desertification〉moderate rocky desertification〉severe rocky desertification. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus, total potassium content of soils at different rocky desertification grades（P〉0.05, the same below）. The soil available phosphorus content was 8.55-11.17 mg/kg, and the soil at potential rocky desertification grade was significantly higher in available phosphorus content than soils at other rocky desertification grades （P〈0.05, the same below）. The soil available potassium content was 84.87-110.87 mg/kg, and soil at severe rocky desertification grade was significantly lower in available potassium content than so!!s at other rock

关 键 词：喀斯特 石漠化 土壤物理性质 土壤化学性质 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]