广西火龙果裂果调查分析及综合防止措施  

Investigation and analysis of pitaya fruit cracking and comprehensive anti-cracking measures

作　　者：黄凤珠[1] 陆贵锋[1] 姜建初[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第4期599-603,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：农业部热带作物种质资源保护项目(15RZZY-24);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科能14121007-2-10)

摘　　要：【目的】于火龙果成熟季节对火龙果的裂果情况进行调查,分析裂果原因,为生产上制定栽培管理技术措施提供参考依据。【方法】以平果坤汇特生态农业公司火龙果果园和广西农业科学院里建科研基地火龙果种质圃为调查点,以红肉1号、红肉2号、紫龙、美龙2号、华农、红绣球、红肉优株4号、红肉优株7号等8个火龙果品种为试验材料,于6～11月在每批火龙果果实成熟后1～2 d开展裂果情况调查,观察不同品种裂果数量、裂果部位及裂果程度。【结果】果脐收口较宽且浅的品种易从果脐处呈纵向裂开,且果形为圆球形或短椭圆形的品种比椭圆形的品种裂果严重,裂果率最高达19.4%;果皮薄且脆、弹性差、质地柔软的品种易从果实腹部果皮裂开,裂果率最高为6.3%。火龙果果实生长成熟期间久旱遇雨或长时间下雨均易造成裂果,土壤黏重的果园较黄壤土果园裂果严重,在果实生长成熟期间偏施化肥及感染病虫害的果实也易发生裂果。【结论】火龙果裂果与其品种、果实成熟季节及栽培管理有关,生产上应选择抗裂果品种推广种植,加强果园管理,改良土壤,均衡土壤水分供应,实行果实套袋等措施减轻裂果发生。[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate pitaya fruit cracking in the fruit ripening season, in order to provide technical basis for formulating cultivation and management technical measures for pitaya. [Method]Using 8 pitaya varieties（Hongrou 1, Hongrou 2, Zilong, Meilong 2, Huanong, Hongxiuqiu, Hongrouyouzhu 4, Hongrouyouzhu 7 ） as tested materials, tile fruit cracking was investigated in pitaya orchard of Pingguo Kunhuite Ecological Agriculture and pitaya germplasms nursery of Lijian base of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences within 1-2 d after fruit ripening from June to November, so as to observe number of dehiscent fruits, cracking position and cracking degree. [Result]The results showed that, the pitaya varieties with wide and shallow fruit navel dehisced easily longitudinally from fruit navel. And the fruits of pitaya varieties with spheroidal fruits or flat elliptic fruits more dehisced those that with ellip- tic fruits, and the maximal fruit-cracking rate was up to 19.4%. Moreover, the pitaya varieties with thin, poor-elasticity, crisp and soft fruit peel dehisced easily from ventral fruit peel, and the maximal fruit-cracking rate was up to 6.3%. The pitaya fruits dehisced easily after first drouth then raining or after raining for a long time. The pitaya fruit cracking in or- chard with high-clay soils was more serious than that in orchard with yellow soils. Application of chemical fertilizer and damage of pest and disease could increase number of dehiscent fruits during growth and mature period. [Conclusion]The pitaya fruit cracking is related to pitaya variety, fruit ripening season and cultivation management. Therefore, in order to re- duce number of dehiscent fruits, some anti-cracking measures should be taken, which include promoting to plant anti-crack- ing pitaya varieties, enhancing management of orchard, improving soils, balancing soil moisture supply and bagging fruit.

关 键 词：火龙果 裂果 原因分析 防止措施 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]