稻茬小麦高产稳产、节本增效栽培模式研究  

Wheat Cultivation Modes for High Yield,Stable Production,Low Cost,and High Efficiency in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

作　　者：丁锦峰 阚正荣 朱新开 李春燕 封超年 彭永欣 郭文善 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第5期616-623,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271642.31401317);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09);农业部行业科研专项(201503130);江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(13KJA210004);江苏省农业三新工程项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目;扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2014166);扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目

摘　　要：为探索适宜的稻茬小麦栽培模式,基于本课题组近13年的田间试验数据,分析了播期、基本苗和肥料运筹对稻茬小麦产量及经济效益的影响,进而构建不同高产栽培模式,并比较其高产、稳产、节本增效的能力。结果表明,适播(10月29日^(-1)1月4日)条件下稻茬小麦产量、净效益和产投比均显著高于早播(10月17日^(-1)0月26日)和晚播(11月6日^(-1)1月20日),增幅分别为12%~13%、24%~27%和22%~27%,但不同播期之间的投入差异不显著。在适播条件下基本苗和施氮量、晚播条件下基本苗与产量和净收益均呈抛物线关系。适播基本苗210×10~4~240×10~4株·hm-2和施氮量180~225kg·hm^(-2)、晚播基本苗240×10~4~270×10~4株·hm-2和施氮量240~270kg·hm^(-2)构建的高产模式下产量分别达8.21和7.46t·hm-2,这两种模式均具有高经济效益和低投入特点,在不同年度、地点和品种下稳产性好。The main aim of this study is to provide a reference to wheat production for high yield,sta- ble production,low cost,and high efficiency in rice-wheat rotation system. The experimental data of 13 years on wheat production in rice-wheat rotation system was collected, to analyze the effects of so- wing date, seedling rates and fertilization application on grain yield and economic efficiency, and then to establish different high-yield cultivation modes. Furthermore, the capacities of high yield, stable pro- duction,low cost,and high efficiency were compared between/among these modes. The grain yield, economic income and input-output ratio under the condition of suitable sowing （October 29 to Novem- ber 4）was 12%-13%,24%-27% and 22%--27% higher than those under the condition of early so- wing （October 17 to October 26）and late sowing（November 6 to November 20）. But there was no sig- nificant difference among different sowing dates. There was a parabola function relation between seed- ling rates and nitrogen rates under the condition of suitable sowing, and a parabola funvtion relation between seedling rates and grain yield and economic income under the condition of late sowing. Ac-cording to the analyses,the high-yield modes with seedling rates 210×10^4 --240×10^4plants · hm^-2 and nitrogen rates 180--225 kg · hm^-2 under the condition of suitable sowing,and with seedling rates 240×10^4-270×10^4 plants · hm^-2 and nitrogen rates 240--270 kg · hm^-2 under the condition of late sowing were respectively established,which gained the grain yield of 8.21 and 7.46 t · hm-2. Addi- tionally, compared to other modes, these modes showed higher economic income, lower input, and bet- ter stable production in different years, locations and varieties.

关 键 词：稻茬小麦 高产稳产 节本增效 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318