追施钾肥对‘重阳红’桃果实产量和品质及采果前树体营养的影响  

Effects of Topdressing Potassium Fertilizer on Fruit Yield and Quality and Tree Nutrition of‘Chongyanghong'Peach before Harvest

作　　者：白红[1] 陶佳[1] 石佩[1] 郭东花[1] 范崇辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2016年第5期730-737,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD16B04);陕西省科技统筹项目(2015KTCL02-29)~~

摘　　要：以盛果期10a生中晚熟品种‘重阳红’桃为试材,在大田条件下,以不追施钾肥（K0）为对照,设置单株施钾肥（K2SO4）量0.47kg（K1）、0.70kg（K2）和0.93kg（K3）3种处理进行生育期试验。研究在膨果期追施不同水平钾肥对果实产量和品质及采果前树体营养的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,在‘重阳红’桃膨果期增施钾肥可增产10.58%-23.58%,K2处理产量最高,其增产效应符合＂报酬递减＂规律;增施钾肥可不同程度提高桃果实内在品质,其中K2处理可显著增加果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性淀粉、N及K的质量分数,且分别为对照的1.14、1.78、1.22和2.18倍;增施钾肥还可促进果实成熟前树体营养的积累,K2处理叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和氮、可溶性淀粉、还原性糖、可溶性糖的质量分数均显著或极显著高于对照,且分别为对照的1.37、1.45、1.84、1.34、1.46、1.19和1.21倍,枝条的N和P质量分数分别是对照的1.43和1.50倍,而其他处理间无显著差异。可见,膨果期追施钾肥可提高桃的产量和果实品质,也可促进采果前树体营养的积累,且以单株施钾肥（K2SO4）0.70kg的效果最佳。The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of topdressing different levels potassium fertilizer on tree nutrition and fruit yield and quality of ten-year-old trees of the middle-late mature cultivar ＇Chongyanghong＇peach before harvest. The research was carried out under the field condition at different potassium levels（K1：0.47 kg,K2：0.70 kg and K3：0.93 kg） compared with no topdressing potassium fertilizer（K0）. The results indicated that the yield increased by 10. 58%- 23.58% after topdressing potassiumin at fruit growth period compared with K0 and it was the highest when the potassium fertilizer was K2. The yield-increasing effect accords with the law of diminishing returns;compared to K0, topdressing potassium could improve the intrinsic quality to different de- grees, especially the treatment of K2 can significantly increase the mass fraction of soluble solid, solu- ble starch,N and potassium 1.14,1.78,1.22 and 2. 18 times of K0 respectively;it also could promote the accumulation of the tree nutrition at the late stage of fruit development and K2 treatment of Pn, Tr,Gs and the mass fraction of N,soluble starch,soluble sugar and reducing sugar of the leaf are significantly or extremely significantly higher than K0, of 1. 37,1.45,1.84,1. 34,1.46,1. 19 and 1.21 times respectively. As well,the mass fraction of N and potassium of the branch is 1.43 and 1.50 times higher respectively than K0. There was no significant difference between other treatments. The results suggested that , topdressing potassium fertilizer before harvest could improve the yield and fruit qualty of peach ,as well as the accumulation of the tree nutrition. Among all the fertilizer treatment, the effect of 0.70 kg per plant K2SO4 was the best.

关 键 词：桃树 钾肥 产量 品质 营养 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]