外泌体在免疫调控及肿瘤发生中的功能  

Emerging Role of Exosomes in Immune Regulation and Cancer

作　　者：李孟娇[1,2] 王浩[1,2] 李庆伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连116081 [2]辽宁师范大学七鳃鳗研究中心,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2016年第5期473-479,共7页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;No.2013CB835304);辽宁师范大学青年科研项目(No.LS2014L011)资助~~

摘　　要：已知细胞间的信息交流不仅可以通过直接接触,或释放信号分子等方式,同时还存在另一种细胞通讯方式即释放外泌体。外泌体是由细胞分泌,直径为30~100 nm的囊泡结构。外泌体含有蛋白质、脂质、mRNAs和miRNAs等成分,并且能够靶向运输到其他细胞或组织中,从而在细胞间的信息交流、物质传递方面发挥重要作用。本文对外泌体的基本特征、形成过程、功能以及在疾病诊断与治疗中的应用等方面进行简要综述,重点介绍外泌体在免疫调控和肿瘤发生方面的功能。外泌体作为一种广泛存在的亚细胞成分,虽然体积小,组成成分简单,然而,其复杂功能具有重要的研究价值。对外泌体功能的深入了解将为肿瘤等疾病的预防和治疗提供更多的诊断标志物、疫苗以及治疗思路与手段。It is generally known that cell-cell communication can be obtained by direct contact between ceils or release of signal molecules. Recently, mounting evidence indicated that exosomes act as another mode of intercellular communication. Exosomes are small （30 -100 nm in diameter） membrane vesicles of endocytic origin secreted by almost all cell types. The exosomes contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs and miRNAs, and can be targeted to other cells or tissues, so as to play important roles in mediating communication between different cells and tissues. The features, origin, functions and potential clinical applications of exosomes are summarized briefly in this review, and we focus on how exosomes participate in immune regulation and tumor pathology. As ubiquitous subcellular components, exosomes with small volume and less complex content are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this expanding filed many key questions remain to be investigated. The new findings on exosomes have important implications for the development of novel biomarkers, vaccines, therapeutic strategies and approaches aimed at the treatment of serious diseases such as cancer.

关 键 词：外泌体 细胞间通讯 免疫调控 肿瘤 临床应用 

分 类 号：Q734[生物学—分子生物学] Q25