缓/控释尿素对稻田周年CH_4和N_2O排放的影响  

Effects of slow/controlled release urea on annual CH_4 and N_2O emissions in paddy field

作　　者：郭晨[1] 徐正伟[1] 王斌[2] 任涛[1] 万运帆[2] 邹家龙 鲁剑巍[1] 李小坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [3]湖北省荆州市荆州区土壤肥料工作站,湖北荆州434020

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第5期1489-1495,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662015PY135)资助~~

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了不同缓/控释尿素对水稻产量和稻田周年温室气体排放的影响,评估生产单位质量水稻的温室气体排放量.结果表明:优化施肥(OPT)处理在减氮(N)21.4%条件下产量与习惯施肥(FFP)处理持平,同时减少了稻田周年CH_4和N_2O的排放,其中水稻季CH_4和N_2O分别减排12.6%和12.5%,休闲季N_2O减排33.3%.与OPT处理相比,控释尿素(CRU)处理在水稻季CH_4减排28.9%,休闲季CH_4零排放;硝化抑制剂(DMPP)处理在水稻季CH_4和N_2O分别减排41.6%和85.7%,休闲季CH_4和N_2O分别减排76.9%和6.5%.休闲季节N_2O排放占周年N_2O排放的76.8%~94.9%,是评价整个稻田温室气体排放不容忽视的因素.OPT、CRU和DMPP处理生产1.0 kg稻谷的温室气体排放强度分别为0.50、0.41和0.33kg·kg^(-1),综合考虑周年的温室气体排放总量和产量,尿素和硝化抑制剂配合施用可以在保证水稻产量的情况下,减少温室气体的排放.Present study examined the influence of different types of slow/controlled release urea on rice yield and annual greenhouse gas emissions in a paddy field, and assessed the greenhouse gas intensity （GHGI, equivalent to global warming potential GWP/rice yield）. The results indicated that the optimized fertilization （OPT） treatment recorded the similar yield with reduced nitrogen fertilizer （21.4%） supply compared with the farmers＇ fertilizer practice （FFP） treatment, and de- creased the annual emissions of CH4 （12.6%） and N20 （ 12.5% ） during the rice season, and N20 emission （33.3%） during the fallow period. Application of controlled release urea （CRU） reduced CH4 emission by 28.9% during the rice-growing season with respect to OPT treatment, and showed negligible CH4 emission during the fallow season. However, nitrification inhibitor （DMPP） treat- ment was found to reduce the CH4 emissions by 41.6% and 76.9%, and N20 emissions by 85.7% and 6.5%, during the rice growing season and fallow season, respectively, compared with OPT treatment. In the fallow season, the N20 emissions accounted for 76.8%-94.9% of annual N20 emissions, which was clearly a key point for evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy. The average values of GHGI in OPT, CRU and DMPP treatments were 0.50, 0.41 and 0.33 kg . kg-1, respectively. Considering the benefits of higher rice yield and lower annual greenhouse gas emis-sions, combined application of urea and nitrification inhibitor could be the best combination in paddy fields.

关 键 词：周年温室气体排放 控释尿素 硝化抑制剂 稻田 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]