磷肥施用方式及类型对冬小麦产量和磷素吸收的影响  

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods and types on the yield and phosphorus uptake of winter wheat

作　　者：江尚焘 王火焰[1] 周健民[1] 陈照明[1,2] 刘晓伟[1,2] 贾云生[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第5期1503-1510,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB127401);国家自然科学基金项目(41271309)资助~~

摘　　要：采用田间微区试验研究不同磷肥施用方式和种类对冬小麦生长和当季磷素吸收的影响.磷肥种类为磷酸二氢钙(MCP)和磷酸氢二铵(DAP),施用方式包括表面撒施,种子正下方5 cm条施,种子下方5 cm、偏3 cm条施,种子下方5 cm、偏10 cm条施,种子正下方20%土体混施5种.结果表明:种子正下方5 cm条施对小麦的增产效果最高,其中磷酸二氢钙的产量达到7.63 t·hm^(-2),磷酸氢二铵的产量达到7.99 t·hm^(-2),分别较农民习惯撒施方式增产10.3%和10.7%.在5种施磷方式中,偏10 cm条施的小麦产量最低(6.60~6.77 t·hm^(-2)).种子正下方5 cm条施和20%土体混施处理的小麦总吸磷量均处于较高水平(34.4~35.6kg·hm^(-2)),偏10 cm条施在小麦各生长阶段的吸磷量均显著低于其他施磷方式,但磷酸氢二铵偏10 cm条施的小麦总吸磷量较磷酸二氢钙高11.9%.表明将磷肥近距离集中施用于种子附近为该地区较为合理的施磷方式,在偏远距离条施下磷酸氢二铵对小麦的磷素吸收利用效果优于磷酸二氢钙.A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different placement methods and types of phosphorus （P） fertilizer on winter wheat growth and phosphorus uptake. P fertilizer types included monocalcium phosphate （MCP） and diammonium phosphate （DAP）. P fertilizer application methods included ： 1 ） surface broadcasting （S） ; 2） banding 5 cm below seeds （ B0 ） ; 3） banding 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seeds （ B3 ） ; 4） banding 5 cm below and 10 cm away from seeds （ B10 ） ; 5 ） mixing with the 20% of the top soil below seeds （ M ）. The result showed that B0 had the best effect on increasing yield, reached 7.63 t . hm-2 in MCP-B0 and 7.99 t . hm-2 in DAP-B0, which increased 10.3% and 10.7%, respectively compared with surface broadcasting. B10 had the lowest grain yield （6.60-6.77 t . hm-2）. The total P uptake by wheat in Bo and M was at a relatively high level （34.42-35.60 kg . hm-2） , B10 performed worst at all growth stages of wheat, while P uptake of DAP-BI0 was 11.9% higher than MCP-B10. These results indicated that concentrating P fertilizer in a short distance near the seeds was an optimized application method for winter wheat in this region, and DAP performed better than MCP on P uptake and utilization of wheat under far banding.

关 键 词：磷肥 小麦 施肥方式 磷酸二氢钙 磷酸氢二铵 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]