1988—2013年南方花岗岩红壤侵蚀区长汀县水土流失时空变化  

Spatio-temporal variation of the soil and water loss in Changting County of granite red soil eroded area of southern China from 1988 to 2013

作　　者：周伟东[1] 汪小钦[1] 吴佐成 刘亚迪[1] 

机构地区：[1]福州大学空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室福建省空间信息工程研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第2期49-58,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题"南方红壤水土流失综合监测"(2013BAC08B01);福建省科技重点项目"水土保持对汀江流域长汀段水沙演变的效应研究"(2015N0025);福建省水利科技专项"水土保持对汀江流域长汀段水沙演变的效应研究"(MSK201510)

摘　　要：为动态监测水土流失治理和生态文明建设示范区长汀县近年来的土壤侵蚀的时空变化,利用美国土壤侵蚀流失方程(USLE模型),以1988—2013年9个时期的Landsat系列遥感数据,结合实地考察和地形、土壤、气象水文资料,定量估算福建省长汀县近25年的水土流失变化情况。结果表明:1)长汀县境内水土流失主要以轻度侵蚀为主,水土流失严重区域主要分布在长汀县中部地区以及南部乡镇,以河田镇、濯田镇、三州乡和策武乡等最为严重。2)从1988—2013年遥感动态监测结果来看,水土流失情况总体得到明显的改善;1988—1994年间,水土流失量逐渐增大;1994年水土流失最为严重,1994年后水土流失情况逐年改善,特别是2003年以后,长汀地区植被改善明显,尤其是中部水土流失重灾区,有较显著改善。通过对研究区的动态监测,可掌握长汀县水土流失的变化情况和治理成效,同时为了解长汀县水土流失现状和制订治理方案提供科学根据。[ Background] Changting County is one of the most serious counties in the area of granite red soil region in the south of our country, where is also very typical and representative because its soil and water loss has the characteristics of long history, wide area, large degree, and great damage. [ Methods] In order to dynamically monitor the spatio-temporal changes of recent years＇ soil erosion in Changting County that is the demonstration area of soil and water loss management and ecological civilization construction, we used the USLE model to quantitatively estimate the changing situations of this county＇s soil and water loss in recent 25 years, according to the remote sensing data of 9 periods＇ Landsat series from 1988 to 2013, and using the topography, soil and meteorological hydrological literatures and with the field trips. [ Results] The results showed that,the situation of Changting County＇s vegetation coverage was fine generally. The areas of higher vegetation coverage were mainly distributed around the county,and the central areas along two sides of Tingjiang River had lower vegetation coverage due to the serious situation of soil and water loss. The vegetation coverage showed a downward trend generally from 1988 to 1994, and became the worst in 1994. During the periods of 1994 to 2003, the situations of vegetation coverage in the most area of this county were improved obviously, especially that of the villages and towns in the middle areas. After 2003, the vegetation coverage changed little in the western areas, but in Cewu, Hetian, Sanzhou, and Zhuotian and some other towns, it increased greatly. The situations of the soil and water loss in Changting＇ s most areas were mild, and the serious areas mainly distributed in Changting＇ s middle area and southern towns. Especially, Hetian Town, Zhuotian Town, Sanzhou Township and Cewu Township were the most serious areas suffering from soil erosion. The results of remote sensing dynamic monitoring during 1988 to 2013 showed that the whole situatio

关 键 词：时空变化分析 水土流失 长汀县 USLE 遥感动态监测 花岗岩红壤 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]