干热河谷区6种典型林型土壤改良效应评价  

Evaluation on effects of soil improvement for six typical forest types in dry-hot valley

作　　者：张建锋[1] 孙保平[1] 郭虎波[1] 何艳[1] 张丽[1] 申豪杰 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第2期95-102,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业局公益性行业科研专项"南方退耕还林工程建设效益监测评价研究"(201004018)

摘　　要：采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,测定巧家县境内干热河谷区6种典型林型(华山松+马桑+黑麦草、华山松+兴安落叶松、核桃、华山松、花椒、桑树)林地和对照(农田)的主要理化性质,并利用隶属函数评价法,评价6种林型的土壤改良效应,旨在为退耕还林筛选理想的林型提供科学依据和实践参考。研究结果表明:1)退耕后,不同林型林地土壤物理结构得到不同程度改善,土壤养分状况进一步好转,土壤密度、土壤含水量、有机质质量分数、土壤全量养分和速效养分的质量分数均表现为乔灌草混交林>乔木混交林>纯林;2)不同林型土壤改良效应综合评价结果为华山松+马桑+黑麦草>华山松+兴安落叶松>华山松>农田>桑树>核桃>花椒,华山松+马桑+黑麦草乔灌草混交模式土壤改良综合效应最佳,其次是华山松+兴安落叶松:在不同树种的纯林之间,华山松土壤改良效应综合评价最高,核桃和桑树土壤改良效应综合评价相当,花椒最差。可见,华山松+马桑+黑麦草乔灌草混交是当地土壤改良的理想模式,适宜大力推广。[ Background] Dry-hot valley is one of ecologically fragile areas and it is also a difficult strip for vegetation recovery. Forest vegetation plays an important role in reducing water loss and soil erosion, sand prevention, and improving the deteriorating ecological environment. [ Methods] We combined the method of the field investigation and indoor analysis to measure the main physical and chemical properties of six types of different woodlands （ Pinus armandii ＋ Coriaria nepalensis ＋ Lolium prenne, P. armandii ＋ Larix gmelinii, Juglans regia, P. armandii, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and Morus alba ） and farmland in the dry-hot valley of Qiaojia County. The study also used a method of the subordinate function evaluation to evaluate the effects of the soil improvement for six kinds of forests, which aimed to provide scientific basis and practical reference for the selection of ideal forest types for the project of returning farmland to forest. [ Results ] The results showed： 1 ） Soil structure of different woodlands was improved to some degree and soil nutrients were further improved, and moisture content, total porosity, capillary porosity, organic matter, total N, total K and available K decreased with the increase of soil depth between different woodlands, while the soil density showed an opposite trend. In addition, soil density, moisture,organic matter, soil total nutrient and available nutrient all showed an order of mixed forest of trees, shrubs and grasses 〉 mixed trees forest 〉 pure forest. 2） The evaluation on effects of the soil improvement of six kinds of typical forests showed： Pinus armandii ＋ C. nepalensi ＋ L. prenne 〉 P. armandii ＋ L. gmelinii 〉 P. armandii 〉 farmland 〉 M. alba 〉 J. regia 〉 Zanthoxylum bungeanum. [ Conclusions] On the whole, the effects of soil improvement were obvious since the project of returning farmland to forest. P. armandii ＋ C. nepalensis ＋ L. prenne had the best effects of soil improvement while P. armandii ＋ Larix gmelinii ranked

关 键 词：土壤质量 土壤改良效应 退耕林地 干热河谷区 巧家县 

分 类 号：S714.6[农业科学—林学]