黑龙江西部地表覆盖保墒的抗旱造林技术  

Drought-resistant afforestation techniques for soil moisture conservation by using surface covering in Western Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王力刚[1] 李峰[1] 王炜烨[1] 刘文环[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省森林与环境科学研究院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第2期147-154,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省科技计划项目"黑龙江省林业生态工程构建技术"(GA06B302);黑龙江省林业计划项目"黑龙江省西部低山丘陵区集水抗旱造林技术研究"(2007-L01)

摘　　要：增强土壤蓄水保墒性能,是提高干旱半干旱区造林质量的重要举措之一。以黑龙江西部为背景,选取覆膜、覆秸秆和覆沙3种地表覆盖措施,采用对比的研究方法,探讨半干旱区地表覆盖保墒的抗旱造林技术。结果表明:3种地表覆盖措施不同程度提高了土壤含水率,平均提高幅度分别达58.93%,32.91%和24.97%,且以降水较少的春季最为明显;3种覆盖措施造林成活率分别提高了13.9,11.7和10.6百分点,与对照差异显著。对应地表覆盖处理下的樟子松,2008—2013年间的年均高生长量提高了23.35%,5.08%和9.64%;通过对3种地表覆盖材料及相应处置费用的市场经济核算,其造林成本分别比对照增加了4.4%,9.3%和9.2%。采用隶属函数值法,以造林成活率、造林初期6 a的年均高生长量和初期造成成本提高幅度为指标,对各处理措施进行评价和排序,其结果为:覆膜>覆沙>覆秸秆>对照。[ Background ] Strengthening the property of soil moisture conservation is one of important measures for raising afforestation quality in the arid-semiarid areas. The west of Heilongjiang Province is a semiarid area, thus investigating soil moisture conservation technique is urgently needed for increase water-saving, drought-resistance and planting quality in this area. Based on the result of former research, surface covering is an effective measurement for soil moisture conservation in arid-semiarid areas. Our research aimed to evaluate the major surface covering methods used in this area based on the cost and effectiveness. [ Methods ] Using 3 measures of surface covering of plastic film, straw and sand, we studied their influences on soil moisture conservation in the semiarid area of Heilongjiang Province. Surface covering blanketed about 1 -2 m^2 area around rootstock of new plantation, with new plantation that did not adopt any kind of surface covering as contrast. Soil moisture contents at the depth of 20 - 30 cm near root zone, plant height growth and afforestation survival rate were periodically monitored. [ Results] Based on the data collected in April, June, August and October from 2008 to 2009, we found that surface covering significantly increased the soil moisture content. The improvement in soil moisture content was the most obvious in spring season in which the precipitation was generally low. Comparing to the contrast, soil moisture contents increased by 58.93% , 32.91% , and 24.97% with plastic film, straw, and sand, respectively. We found that surface covering increased the survival rate of afforestation and the growth of plant height. The afforestation survival rate by 3 covering methods of plastic film, straw, and sand raised 13.9, 11.7, and 10.6 percentage points, respectively, in comparison to the contrast. The average annual increment in height of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in 6 years from 2008 to 2013 was 23.35% , 5.08% , and 9.64% by plastic film, straw and sand respectively. In comp

关 键 词：地表覆盖 土壤保墒 抗旱造林技术 黑龙江西部 

分 类 号：S728.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]