临床分离624株病原菌分布及耐药性分析  

Distribution and drug resistance of 624 strains of pathogens isolated from clinical samples

作　　者：郑媛[1] 王延安[1] 薛林[1] 胡惠旭 刘红[1] 周杨[1] 封宗超[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军37医院感染控制科,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《西南国防医药》2016年第5期519-522,共4页Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in Southwest China

摘　　要：目的了解本院临床分离病原菌分布及其耐药性,为本地区临床合理选用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析本院2013年1月~2014年12月分离自临床感染患者的病原菌资料,对病原菌分布及其耐药性进行统计分析。结果共分离到病原菌624株,其中革兰阴性菌324株,占51.92%,主要为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和产气肠杆菌;革兰阳性菌202株,占32.37%,主要为表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌;真菌98株,占15.71%。主要革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感率均〉90%,对复方新诺明、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、头孢哌酮耐药性较强;主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素敏感率均为100%,对阿米卡星、呋喃妥因、利福平及替考拉宁的敏感率均〉94%,对复方新诺明、阿奇霉素、红霉素耐药性较强。结论本院临床感染病原菌主要为革兰阴性菌,其次为革兰阳性菌,少数为真菌;主要病原菌对多种临床常用抗菌药物表现出较强的耐药性,临床用药应根据患者感染菌的耐药情况制定合理的个体化治疗方案。Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of clinically isolated pathogens so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. Methods The clinical pathogenic data of the hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 624 strains of pathogens were isolated from clinical samples, in which there were 324 strains of gram-negative bacteria（51.92%）, 202 strains of gram-positive bacteria（32.37%）, and 98 strains of fungi（15.71%）. The major gram-negative bacteria included escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter aerogenes. The major gram-positive bacteria included staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus. The sensitive rate of the major gram-negative bacteria to piperacillin/tazobactam was 90%, and those bacteria had strong drug resistance to sulfamethoxazole compound, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, and cefoperazone. The sensitive rate of the major gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin was 100%, and that to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, rifampicin, and teicoplanin was 94%.Those bacteria had strong drug resistance to sulfamethoxazole compound, azithromycin, and erythromycin. Conclusions Pathogens of clinical infection in the hospital are mainly gram-negative bacteria followed by gram-positive bacteria and a minority of fungi. Most of the pathogens are highly resistant to various common antibiotics. Individualized treatment strategies should be made according to the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria causing infection in patients.

关 键 词：病原菌 特点 耐药性 抗菌药物 合理用药 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]