中国杂交水稻推广历程及现状分析  

Review of Extension and Analysis on Current Status of Hybrid Rice in China

作　　者：胡忠孝[1] 田妍[1] 徐秋生[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南杂交水稻研究中心/杂交水稻国家重点实验室/水稻国家工程实验室(长沙),湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2016年第2期1-8,共8页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科技专项(201403002-4);科技部国家重点研发计划试点专项;湖南省重大专项(2015NK1001)

摘　　要：在中国杂交水稻从1976—2015年推广40 a之际,对中国杂交水稻、两系杂交水稻、杂交粳稻的推广历程与现状进行了分析。结果表明,1976—2013年,中国杂交水稻累计推广5.316 2亿hm2,并于1995年达到2 089.78万hm2的历史最大面积,占当年水稻面积的67.97%,但杂交水稻面积及其占水稻面积的比例在1999年以后呈现缓慢下降趋势,至2013年维持在1 617.87万hm2,占水稻面积的53.37%;1996—2013年年推广面积在0.67万hm2以上的杂交水稻主要品种数量由133个增加到532个,而单个主要品种的平均年推广面积则由11.01万hm2下降到2.36万hm2,品种竞争越来越激烈,突破性品种匮乏;1996—2013年两系杂交水稻占杂交水稻面积的比例由0.92%上升到33.59%,两系杂交水稻已经成为杂交水稻的重要组成部分;目前杂交粳稻的年推广面积维持在20万~26万hm2,占杂交水稻面积的比例维持在1.1%~1.5%的极低水平,杂交粳稻在杂交水稻中的地位还极其微弱。In the 40th anniversary of hybrid rice extension （from 1976 to 2015 ） in China, the extension process and current status of hybrid rice, including two-line hybrid rice and japonica hybrid rice, was reviewed and analyzed. The cumulated extension area of hybrid rice was 531.62 million hm2 from 1976 to 2013, and the annual planting area reached the peak in 1995 at 20.897 8 million hm2, accounting for 67.97% of total rice area. However, both of the area of hybrid rice and its percentage to total rice area showed a slightly downward tendency after 1999, and in 2013 the planting area was 16. 178 7 million hm2, accounting for 53.37% of total rice area. The number of ma- jor hybrid rice varieties with annual planting area over 6 700 hm2 was increased from 133 in 1996 to 532 in 2013 while the averaged planting area per variety was decreased from 0. 110 1 million hm2 in 1996 to O. 023 6 million hm2 in 2013, indicatinga fierce competition among varieties and deficiency of dominant varieties in recent years. From 1996 to 2013, the percentage of two-line hybrid rice to hybrid rice in planting area was increased from 0.92% （0.180 5 million hm2） to 33.59% （5. 440 4 million hm2）, indicating that two-line hybrid rice had become an important part of hybrid rice. Currently, the annual planting area of japonica hybrid rice was 0.20 - 0.26 million hm2 or only 1.1% -- 1.5% of total hybrid rice area, indicating the very weak position of japonica hybrid rice in hybrid rice.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 两系杂交水稻 杂交粳稻 推广 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S334