秧田施送嫁肥对双季超级稻分蘖期的节氮效应  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Shortly before Transplanting on Saving Nitrogen Application in Tillering Stage of Double-cropping Super Rice

作　　者：林洪鑫[1,2] 曾文高 杨震 陈菊兰 陈金[1] 陈先茂[1] 彭春瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [2]江西农业大学,江西南昌330045 [3]抚州市临川区农业局,江西临川334100 [4]宜丰县农业局,江西宜丰336300

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2016年第2期61-67,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金："赣鄱英才555工程"领军人才培养计划;国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B03-02;2013BAD07B12)

摘　　要：以超级杂交早稻淦鑫203和超级杂交晚稻荣优225为材料,研究了秧田施送嫁肥对双季超级稻分蘖期的节氮效应。结果表明,秧田施送嫁肥,移栽时秧苗的硝酸还原酶活性和氮素含量提高,单株根数、百苗干重、氮素积累量均增加,秧苗素质提高。在分蘖氮肥减施总施氮量的5%~10%条件下,施送嫁肥处理与不施送嫁肥且不减氮的处理比较,生育前期叶片SPAD值和LAI没有明显差异,分蘖速率略有下降,成穗率显著提高,有效穗数和每穗总粒数无显著差异,干物质积累量和氮素积累总量无显著下降,而氮肥表观利用率和稻谷产量略有提高。秧田施送嫁氮肥34.5 kg/hm2,（种植1 hm2大田所需秧田送嫁氮肥施用量约3.45kg）,大田分蘖氮肥可减施总施氮量的5%~10%,即早稻可减氮9~18 kg/hm2,晚稻可减氮11.25~22.5 kg/hm2。Using Ganxin 203, a double-cropping early super hybrid rice, and Rongyou 225, a double-cropping late super hybrid rice, as the materials, the effects of nitrogen fertilization shortly before transplanting were studied on saving nitrogen application in the tillering stage of double-cropping super rice. The results showed that the treat- ments with nitrogen fertilization five days before transplanting （NF＇F） had better seedling qualities than the control without nitrogen fertilization five days before transplanting （CK）, as expressed in higher nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen content, seedling dry weight and number of roots per plant. Under the conditions of reducing the dosage of tillering nitrogen at 5% to 10% of total nitrogen application amount in main field, compared with CK, the NFI＂ treatments were not different significantly in leaf SPAD and LAI, tillering rate, the number of productive tillers and spikelets per panicle, dry matter accumulation and total nitrogen accumulation, but higher or significantly higher in effective tiller percentage, apparent nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. Therefore, when 34.5 kg/hm2 of nitro- gen is applied in the seedling bed five days before transplanting （ about 3.45 kg/hm2 of nitrogen needed for 1 hm2 of main field）, the dosage of nitrogen for tillering in the main field can be reduced by 5% to 10% of total nitrogen application amount, i.e. , 9.00 - 18.00 and 11.25 -22.50 kg/hm2 of nitrogen can be saved for early rice and late rice, respectively.

关 键 词：双季超级稻 送嫁肥 秧苗素质 产量 节氮效应 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学] S143