全球气候治理中的墨西哥:角色转型与政策选择  

Mexico in Global Climate Governance: Role Transition and Policy Options

作　　者：冯峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2016年第2期67-78,156,共12页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：2012年国家科技支撑计划课题"气候变化与国家安全战略的关键技术研究"(课题编号:2012BAC20B06)的支持

摘　　要：墨西哥在地理上和经济上的北美国家身份与政治和文化上的拉丁美洲国家身份,导致了该国身份认同的困境,也决定了其不断在国际社会中探索自身的角色定位。随着墨西哥外交政策的转型,其国际角色定位从发展中国家领导者,转向旨在成为发达国家和发展中国家之间的桥梁。气候变化议题在当前墨西哥的对外政策中占据重要地位,是其参与全球治理、发挥国际影响力的重要抓手,也是其表达中等国家声音的一个重要渠道。基于本国的特殊性,墨西哥参与全球气候治理的主要诉求是提升国际影响力、追求经济利益和安全利益。其政策选择包括积极参与国际气候谈判,努力调解发达国家和发展中国家的分歧;认同"共同但有区别的责任"原则;重视可持续发展,承担自愿减排义务;提出建立"绿色气候基金";加强全球气候治理的国际合作。就参与全球气候治理而言,"桥梁"角色在很大程度上适合墨西哥对自身的国际定位,有利于其走出认同困境,从而找到与南北双方接触并符合自身利益和政策目标的路径。Mexico has been a rather difficult country to label in terms of its place in the society of states. Mexico continues to struggle with its identity as a country firmly located in North America's economic region,but desiring a cultural and political affinity with Latin America. Mexico's international role as a leader of developing countries has been transferred toward a bridge between developing and developed countries. Climate change plays an important role in the Mexico 's foreign policy, it is an important channel for Mexico to participate in global governance and express the concern of middle powers. In the course of participating in global climate governance, Mexico pursues international influence, economic interest and security. Its climate policy includes actively participating in international climate negotiations,recognizing the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities ', emphasizing on sustainable development, voluntary reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening of international cooperation. The bridging role suits Mexico that it may provide at least a temporary way out of the dilemma the country faces in terms of its identity,and find a way to engage both worlds in which its interests and policy goals lie.

关 键 词：气候变化 全球治理 墨西哥 国际角色 桥梁 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]