通过破产法解决地方政府债务危机——美国的经验和启示  

Solving Local Government Debt Crisis by Bankruptcy Law:American Experience and Enlightenment

作　　者：张力毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2016年第3期128-144,共17页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：在美国,地方政府因公益而不倒,又因宪法明文禁止州立法修正契约义务,故当地方政府陷入债务清偿不能的困境时,往往只能借助联邦《破产法》为地方政府的经济复兴赢得时间。通过破产法框架解决地方政府债务危机固然有其优势所在,但也有其无法克服的局限。加之地方政府债务困境的复杂成因,因此要解决部分城市所出现的系统性危机,必须将联邦层面的破产法机制与州层面的积极财政干预有机地结合起来。我国目前愈演愈烈的地方债危机的化解可在相当程度上参酌美国的成熟经验。以中国所面临的实际问题为着眼点,未来我国要注重构建法定的地方政府债务调整程序以及建立出现地方债危机时上级政府的应急介入机制,从而把地方债的治理纳入法治的轨道。In America, the local government does not fall down for its public function. But since the Constitution expressly prohibits the state legislature from modifying the contractual obligations, when the local government falls into unaffordable debt it can only draw support from the federal Bankrupt Law to earn time for local economic recovery. Solving local government debt crisis by the bankrupt law framework has both advantages as well as insurmountable limitations. Moreover due to the complex causes for the debt, in order to solve the systematic crisis in some states the federal bankrupt law mechanism and positive financial intervention at the state level must be combined organically. Hence, the solution of the current intensified local debt crisis in China may refer to the above mature American experience. Based on practical problems face by China, the legal adjustment programme of local government debt and the emergency intervention mechanism of the superior government when local debt occurs should be built up, in order to conclude the governance of local debt into the orbit of the rule of law.

关 键 词：地方政府债务 地方政府破产 州的财政干预 合作联邦主义 地方政府债务调整程序 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.29