276例皮试仪皮试法阳性反应结果判断与影响因素分析  

Results judgment and influencing factors analysis of 276 patients with positive skin test reaction using allergy test instrument

作　　者：张升平[1] 牟灵英[2] 代会贞[2] 杨寒冰[2] 杨丽梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院护理学院,山东潍坊261031 [2]潍坊医学院附属医院急诊科

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2016年第8期51-54,共4页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：潍坊市科学技术发展计划项目(20121273)

摘　　要：目的探讨皮试仪皮试法阳性反应的结果判断与影响因素。方法对276例皮试仪法皮试阳性患者以皮内注射法进行复测,验证皮试仪皮试法的准确性,并分析假阳性结果的原因。结果 276例阳性反应患者中,非典型阳性反应72例,占26.09%;患者复测后阳性200例,假阳性76例,患者用药后均无药物反应。不同性别、年龄段、最近3d有无连续使用同种类抗生素、有无同类药物过敏史的患者假阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);不同药物种类、其他过敏史、家族过敏史比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论皮试仪说明书上的阳性结果判断标准有待于进一步修正和完善;临床需严格按照操作规程皮试,并重点观察婴幼儿、妇女及未使用过同类抗生素人群,积极预防过敏反应。Objective To discuss results judgment and influencing factors of positive skin test reaction using allergy test instrument.Methods A total of 276 patients with positive skin test reaction using allergy test instrument were retested through intradermic injection,the accuracy of skin test using allergy test instrument was verified,and the causes of false-positive results were analyzed.Results Of the 276 positive reaction patients,72 were atypical positive reaction,which accounted for 26.09%.There were 200 patients were positive reaction according to the retest,other 76 were false-positive,and none of them appeared drug reaction after medication.There were significant differences of false-positive rates for the patients of different gender,in different age groups,whether used the same types of antibiotics in the last 3 days and whether there were history of similar drug allergy（P〈0.01 for all）,while there were no significant differences when compared with different drugs,other allergy histories and family history（P〉0.05 for all）.Conclusions The judgment criteria of positive skin test in the instrument instruction need further revision and improvement.Nurses should strictly comply with the operating instruction when test the skin,and carefully observe infants,women and those never used the same type of antibiotics to prevent allergic reaction.

关 键 词：皮试仪 皮试法 皮内注射 药物过敏 假阳性 

分 类 号：R472.9[医药卫生—护理学]