客观主义疾病观之殇——论生物医学视野下的功能概念  

The Failure of Objectivism on the Concept of Disease:From the viewpoint of Biological Medicine

作　　者：史习[1] 盛晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院,浙江杭州312000

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2016年第3期137-143,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：生物医学模式主张医学是研究疾病客观规律的自然科学,并将疾病理解为有机体生理机制不能发挥其正常功能的客观状态,与人们的视角和价值偏好无关。然而,这两种观点都是有问题的。首先,医学就其本质而言是以缓解患者疾痛为目的的实践活动。其次,"疾病"定义中的"正常功能"是规范性的概念,表示有机体生理机制"应该"如何运作,而这与客观主义疾病观的假设相违背。就医疗实践中运用的疾病概念而言,某些生理构造或过程被人们判定为不正常的和病态的,判定的依据既涉及人们关于生理机制运作过程的事实性知识,也与社会、文化、价值倾向等因素相关。According to biological medicine, medicine is a kind of natural science and disease is seen as the objective dysfunction of human body which is harmful for the subject, whereas such opinions are problematic. Firstly, medicine is the practice aiming to reduce the painful experience of illness. Secondly, as a normative concept, the concept of function is involved in the definition of disease, which is against the objectivism of disease. In fact, in medical practice, both factual knowledge of human body and evaluative dispositions are involved in judging some physiological structures or processes as un-normal or dysfunctional.

关 键 词：疾病 功能 客观主义 规范性 

分 类 号：B029[哲学宗教—哲学理论]