稀土矿开采导致的植被净初级生产力损失遥感评估——以江西省赣州市为例  

Assessing the Vegetation Net Primary Productivity Loss Resulted from the Mining of Rare Earth Ore based on Remote Sensing Technology——A Case Study in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：周夏飞[1,2] 朱文泉[1,2] 马国霞[3] 张东海[1,2] 郑周涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875 [3]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2016年第2期307-315,共9页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(41371389);地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室资助项目(2013-ZY-14);环保公益项目(201309043)

摘　　要：稀土矿的无序开采既造成了稀土资源的浪费,也导致了矿区及其周边生态环境的恶化。以江西省赣州市为例,建立了一套适用于稀土矿开采导致的植被净初级生产力(NPP)损失遥感评估方法,该方法充分利用了高、中、低3种分辨率遥感数据的优势,涵盖了基准参考区选择、植被受损范围界定、低分辨率植被NPP数据降尺度等关键技术环节。将该方法应用于研究区2013年的植被NPP损失评估,结果表明:1截止2013年,赣州市稀土开采造成的植被直接破坏面积为31.74km^2,间接受损面积为44.48km^2。随着距矿区的距离增大,植被间接受损面积呈指数下降(R^2=0.96,P<0.01);2 2013年,赣州市稀土开采导致的植被NPP总损失量为3.87×10^(10) gC,其中直接损失占总损失的77.81%,间接损失占总损失的22.89%,说明在稀土矿开采导致的生态破坏评估中,间接受损量不容忽视。文章构建的植被NPP损失评估方法可为其他类似矿区的生态破坏评估提供解决思路,研究结果可为稀土矿区生态评估、稀土定价以及矿区的生态环境管理提供依据。Disorderly mining for rare earth ore not only wastes many rare earth resources,but also deterio- rates the ecological environment in the mining areas and their surroundings.Taking Ganzhou city in Jiangxi province as an example,a set of feasible evaluation methodology for the vegetation Net Primary Productivi- ty （NPP） loss resulted from the mining of rare earth ore was established.This methodology makes full use of the advantages of the remote sensing data at three levels of high,medium,and low spatial resolution.The key technologies in this methodology include the extraction of the reference area, the delimitation of the damaged vegetation range and the downscaling for the NPP data at low spatial resolution, based on this methodology,the vegetation NPP loss in Ganzhou in 2013 was assessed. The results showed that：①By 2013 ,the area of direct and indirect damage for vegetation caused by the mining of rare earth ore was 31.74 and 44.48 km2,respectively.The vegetation＇s indirect damage area presented an exponential decrease（R2= 0.96,P〈0.01） with the increase in the distance from the mining area. ② The NPP loss resulted from the mining of rare earth ore was 3.87× 10-10 gC in 2013.The direct and indirect loss accounted for 77.81% and 22.89% of the total loss,respectively.These results indicated that the indirect loss should not be ignored in the ecological damage assessment.The methodology for the vegetation NPP damage assessment can provide a new probe to resolve similar problems in other mining area.The results can provide a basis for the ecolog- ical assessment,the pricing of the rare earth and the ecological environment management of mining area.

关 键 词：稀土矿 赣州 植被净初级生产力 遥感 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]