不锈钢在海水中阴极保护研究现状  

Research Progress in Cathodic Protection of Stainless Steel in Sea Water

作　　者：杜建强[1,2] 杜敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《表面技术》2016年第5期26-32,共7页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41576076);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;2014CB643300);国家材料环境腐蚀平台项目~~

摘　　要：不锈钢在海洋环境中,钝化膜易被破坏,从而发生局部腐蚀。阴极保护是海洋工程中有效、可靠的常用保护手段,能够对不锈钢形成有效保护。综述了不锈钢在海水环境中的阴极保护发展现状,发现阴极保护不仅能避免局部腐蚀的发生,对已发生的点蚀、缝隙腐蚀也具有良好的抑制作用,但是不同的阴极保护电位对不锈钢基体和钝化膜存在影响。当阴极保护电位过正时,无法对基体形成有效保护;随着保护电位负移,在一定范围内可以对不锈钢形成有效保护,有利于保持钝化膜的完整;保护电位过负时,则会发生析氢反应,有出现氢致开裂的风险,钝化膜还存在活化的风险,会导致均匀腐蚀的发生。目前,大量研究只是确定不锈钢在某一环境中的电位保护范围,但保护电位范围跨度一般比较大,在实际实施保护的过程中,对施加电位的选择仍没有一个明确的标准。Passivation film of stainless steel in the lized corrosion. Cathodic protection is an effective and marine environment is easily damaged, leading to occurrence of loca- reliable means of protection commonly used in marine environment, which can form an effective protection for stainless steel. In this paper, the development status of cathodic protection of stainless steel in marine environments was reviewed and it was found that cathodic protection could not only avoid the occurrence of lo- calized corrosion, but also have good inhibitory effect on existing pitting and crevice corrosions, however, different cathodic protection potentials would influence the stainless steel substrate and thepassivation film. When the cathodic protection potential was too positive, it would fail to effectively protect the stainless steel substrate. With the negative shift of protection potentialwithin a certain range, the stainless steel could be effectively protected, keeping the passivation film intact. If the protection poten- tial was too negative, hydrogen evolution reaction occurred, with the risk of hydrogen induced cracking, and there was the risk of passive film activation, resulting in uniform corrosion. Currently, a large number of studies were focused on determination of the potential protection scope of stainless steel in a certain environment, but the protection potential range span is generally quite large, therefore in the actual implementation of protection, there is still no clear selection criteria of the applied potential.

关 键 词：不锈钢 阴极保护 钝化膜 局部腐蚀 闭塞区 氢脆 

分 类 号：TG174.41[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]