全国10～15岁儿童青少年认知能力情况调查  

National investigation of mental development with children of 10 ～ 15 years old and adolescents

作　　者：陈巧玲[1] 孙菲[1] 严洁[2] 丁华[2] 景汇泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳医学院公共卫生学院,辽宁沈阳110034 [2]北京大学中国社会科学调查中心,北京100871

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第10期1782-1785,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(L2014410);辽宁省高层次人才资助项目(2014921002)

摘　　要：目的 了解全国10~15岁儿童青少年智力发育情况。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方式抽取样本,采用描述性统计分析、独立性t检验及多重线性回归分析的方法处理数据,并用STATA软件和SPSS软件实现。结果 共抽取全国儿童青少年样本3 464人,儿童青少年字词平均得分为21.72分,数学计算平均得分11.20分;t检验结果显示,不同性别、居住地、母亲学历、父亲学历及睡眠时间等因素对儿童青少年字词得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,居住地、父母吵架、母亲学历、父亲学历及睡眠时间对儿童青少年数学计算得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多重线性回归分析显示,性别、居住地、母亲学历、睡眠时间和父母吵架对儿童青少年字词得分的影响显著（P〈0.001）,居住地、睡眠时间和父母吵架对儿童青少年数学计算得分的影响显著（P〈0.001）。结论 加强乡村基础教育,提高父母文化素质有利于儿童青少年认知能力的培养;家长应关注孩子的个人生活习惯,纠正其不良生活习惯;父母吵架影响孩子认知能力发育,家庭氛围对儿童青少年认知能力的培养很重要。Objective This work was to explore the intellectual development situation of 10 - 15 years old children and adolescents in China. Methods Children and adolescents were selected by multi - stage stratified sampling method for this study. Descriptive analysis was conducted by using independence t test, multiple linear regression and software STATA and SPSS software. Results A total of 3464 children were collected for the study and the average score of 21.72 in Chinese and 11.20 in math. The results of t - test showed that gender, age, urban and rural living place, parents＇ education and relationship, and sleep time significantly affected their Chinese score （P 〈 0.05 ）. Age, urban or rural living area, parents＇ relationship and education, and sleep time had significant impact on children＇s mathematic scores （P 〈 0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, urban and rural, mother＇s education and children＇s sleep time significantly affected Chinese score （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Age, urban and rural areas, mother＇s education and sleep time had significant impact on children＇s mathematic scores （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion Strengthening rural basic education and improving the education to parents are beneficial to the development of children＇s cognitive ability. Parents should pay attention to the children＇s living habits and correct their bad habits. F amily atmosphere is very important to cultivate children＇s cognitive ability.

关 键 词：儿童青少年 认知能力 多阶段分层抽样 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]