小麦黄绿近等基因系主要生理特性及叶绿体形态结构的比较  

Comparison of Main Physiological Characteristics,Chloroplast Morphology and Ultra-structure of the Yellow-green Wheat(Triticum aestivum) Near-isogenic Lines

作　　者：刘聪[1] 段阳[1] 安旭尧 郑锦娟[1] 吴慧玉 孙道杰[1] 冯毅[1] 张玲丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2016年第6期806-814,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(No.2013JM3007);西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金;西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金(No.Z109021563);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(No.2013BAD01B02)

摘　　要：探索小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶绿素合成及叶绿体形成发育的遗传和生理机制对小麦高光效育种具有重要意义。为研究叶色变异形成的生理机制及其对叶绿体形成发育的影响,本研究以新创制的3个黄绿小麦近等基因系(near-isogenic lines,NILs)(黄化系1-20YY、黄绿系1-20YG和绿色系1-20GG)为材料,研究不同发育时期的叶片可溶性物质含量和抗氧化酶系统活力等性状,并对其叶绿体形态结构进行了比较分析。结果表明,叶色黄化对叶片可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响远大于其对游离脯氨酸含量的影响,除苗期黄化系1-20YY的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于黄绿系1-20YG和绿色系1-20GG(P<0.05),各发育期黄绿系1-20YG的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量与绿色系1-20GG的差异不显著。同时,叶色黄化对叶片抗氧化酶系统的活性有一定的影响,其中对过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响大于其对超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(hydrogen peroxidase,CAT)活性的影响。从3个NILs的叶绿体形态结构比较分析结果可以看出,黄化系1-20YY叶绿体多呈不规则状且分布趋向叶肉细胞中央,其基质类囊体和基粒类囊体不发达且联结不紧密,与绿色系1-20GG叶绿体形态结构差异明显;而黄绿系1-20YG叶绿体形态与绿色系1-20GG有差异,多呈近球形,但其超微结构与1-20GG系基本一致,基质类囊体和基粒类囊体较发达且联结较为紧密。研究结果为进一步探讨叶色黄化的生物学机制提供了基础资料。Exploring genetic mechanism of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development have important implication for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in wheat （Triticum aestivum）. In order to study the main physiological characterization, morphology and ultra-structure of chloroplast in a yellow-green leaf color mutant of common wheat, three near-isogenic lines （NILs） （a xantha line 1-20YY, a yellow-green line 1-20YG and a green line 1-20GG） which were derived from this yellow-green mutant were used by examination of the soluble substances content, a series of antioxidant enzymes activity, and morphology and ultra-structure of chloroplast. The results showed that the change of the leaf color had more influence on the content of soluble sugar and protein than that on the soluble proline. The content of soluble sugar and protein in the xantha line 1-20YY were significantly lower than in the green line 1-20GG and the yellow-green line 1-20YG except seedling stage （P〈0.05）. And the content of soluble sugar and protein in the yellow-green line 1-20YG was no difference compared with the green line 1-20GG at all stages. Meanwhile, the yellowing of leaves also effected on activity of antioxidant enzymes. The influence on the activity of peroxidase （POD） was higher than that on the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and hydrogen peroxidase （CAT）. So this yellowing of leaves had serious influences to the content of soluble sugar and the activity of POD. From the chloroplast morphology, it could be found that the chloroplast shape of the xantha line 1-20YY was wad irregular and had a trend to the center of mesophyll cell. The chloroplast shape of the green line 1-20GG was nearly ellipse and the shape of chloroplast in 1-20YG line was almost spherical. The results of chloroplast ultra-structure with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the stroma thylakoids and grana thylakoids of the 1-20YY line were underdeveloped and their connection of each other were not tighter than that

关 键 词：小麦 叶色突变体 近等基因系(NILs) 生理特性 叶绿体超微结构 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] Q248[生物学—细胞生物学]