基因组分析方法在微生物分类学中的应用  

Application of genomic analysis in Microbial Taxonomy

作　　者：惠文彦 张和平[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2016年第5期1136-1142,共7页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31430066)~~

摘　　要：细菌分类学始于19世纪后半叶,当时主要是以表型标记和生理生化特性为基础的简单分类,之后DNA-DNA分子杂交、16S rRNA基因序列分析方法的出现给微生物分类带来了极大的便利。尽管如此,这些分类学方法仍然存在一些局限性,而基因组时代的到来,为微生物分类带来了新思路。本文主要介绍了5种基于全基因组数据的微生物分类方法,包括平均核苷酸同源性分析、核心基因组分析、最大唯一匹配指数分析、K串组分矢量法和基因流动性分析,并论述了这些方法在微生物分类学中的应用。The science of bacterial taxonomy started in late 19th century. The main methods of bacterial classification were simply based on phenotypic markers and physiological-biochemical characteristics then. The appearance of DNA-DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis brought a huge improvement to the field. However, recently, more and more studies have demonstrated that these approaches have some drawbacks. Fortunately, the emergence of the genomics technology has brought about novel concepts and insights into this area. This paper introduces the principle and application of five bacterial classification methods that are based on whole genome data, including average nucleotide identity analysis, core genome analysis, maximal unique matches index analysis, K-string composition vector method and genomic fluidity analysis.

关 键 词：基因组数据 微生物分类 系统发育 

分 类 号：Q933[生物学—微生物学]