中梁山出土鼯鼠科化石的初步研究  

Preliminary Research on Petauristidae Fossils at Zhongliangshan Moutain Area

作　　者：王运辅[1] 武仙竹[1] 谢硕[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技考古实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆中国三峡博物馆,重庆400015

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第3期177-184,共8页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(No.KJ130636)

摘　　要：重庆中梁山岩溶槽谷地区分布有数量众多的岩溶洞穴,重庆师范大学科技考古实验室在2009—2010年对这些洞穴进行了系统调查。在太平洞、黄桷洞等地点,采集到中更新世晚期的东方剑齿象、大熊猫、水鹿、野猪等动物化石,同时获得非常丰富的小型哺乳动物化石。在小型哺乳动物化石中以鼯鼠科化石材料最为丰富,采集到的鼯鼠科化石主要包括4属4种,分别为矮飞鼠属优矮飞鼠(Petinomys electilis)、旧大陆飞鼠属小飞鼠(Petinomys volans)、巨飞鼠属灰鼯鼠(Petinomys xanthotis)、橙足鼯鼠属复齿鼯鼠(Trogopterus xanthipes)。优矮飞鼠化石材料中发现有1件左上颌,改变了此前中国只有该动物下颌骨化石材料的状况。灰鼯鼠的形体偏大,表现出该物种在演化上存在地区差异。中梁山复齿鼯鼠的P4最大,原尖粗壮,中附尖和前附脊发达;腭骨与上颌骨的分界线接近M2的中部,这些特征与中国所发现的复齿鼯鼠化石材料特点一致。中梁山鼯鼠科化石材料兼有北方种与南方印度马来亚种,前者如小飞鼠(Petinomys volans),后者如优矮飞鼠(Petinomys electilis)。这些不同生境的动物种类同时出现于中梁山地区主要有两方面的原因,一方面与当地曾经频繁的冷暖气候更迭有关,一方面也与该地川岭交错、岩溶地貌发育、地形复杂多样的地形环境有关。中梁山丰富的鼯鼠科化石,证明中国西南地区是鼯鼠演化与迁徙交流的重要地区,同时也是欧亚大陆北方动物群与南方动物群重要交流通道。Abundant caves are distributed in the karst trough valley between the Zhongliangshan and Geleshan Mountains both of which had developed from the Guanyinxia Antiformal structure.The Quaternary deposits and mammalian fossils in some of these caves can be dated back into 1940 s.During 2009—2010period a systematic survey was launched by the Scientific Laboratory of Archaeological of CQNU and some fossil remains of stegodon,ailuropoda,cervus unicolor swinhoei and sus scrofa were discovered at Taipingdong Cave and Huangjuedong Cave,indicating the age of late Middle Pleistocene of the deposits.Numerous micro-mammalian fossils,especially Petauristidae ones,were also gathered,including four genus four species as follows：Petinomys electilis,Pteromys volans,Petaurista xanthotis and Trogopterus xanthipes.A left upper mandible of P.electilis is confirmed as the supplement of former inadequate samples.The size of P.xanthotis sample is some bigger than the known ones,indicating some kind of regional difference in its evolution history.Some characters of T.xanthippe,including the biggest P4 teeth with the most developed sesostyle and obviously developed anteroloph,are similar with those of samples at Baotansi Site,Wushan.However,some special characters are also identified among the T.xanthippe samples at Huangjuedong cave.First,its size is essentially smaller than that of T.xanthippe samples of Baotansi and actually is similar with that of Belomys pearsoni samples of Baotansi,negating the former conclusion which was used as identification reference that T.xanthipes is remarkably bigger than B.pearsoni.Furthermore,its dividing line between the palatine and the maxillia is remarkably narrower than that of Baotansi samples.All these new characters indicate that the so called T.xanthipes sample at Huangjue cave perhaps is a kind of new specie resulted from relevantly isolated environments and also prove the close relationship between T.xanthipes and B.pearsoni.The fact that species of Petauristidae from north and south regions h

关 键 词：中梁山 鼯鼠 复齿飞鼠 洞穴堆积 

分 类 号：Q915.87[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] K878[生物学—古生物学]