以农作物秸秆固定化混合菌去除原油  

Degradation of crude oil using mixed bacteria immobilized by straw

作　　者：童乐[1] 何丽媛[2] 郭楚玲[1,3] 党志[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广州510006 [2]中国广州分析测试中心,广州510070 [3]工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第5期2707-2713,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2012AA101403);广东省科技计划项目(2014A020217002);广州市珠江科技新星项目(2011J2200064)

摘　　要：农业废弃物作为一种高效、低成本、可再生的载体,可利用其固定细菌来吸附降解石油。选取典型的农业废弃物玉米秸秆和稻草秸秆作为混合降解菌的载体,研究其对原油的降解效果。结果表明：稻草秸秆固定化菌的去除率达到90%～95%,玉米秸秆固定化菌的去除率为95%～98%,都比单纯的游离菌群G8提高了近40%;玉米秸秆固定化菌对原油的去除率比载体与菌群的简单混合物提高近了25%。比较经灭菌和不灭菌的秸秆为载体对原油的去除率,发现未经灭菌处理的秸秆对原油的去除效果更好。SEM及降解实验进一步表明玉米秸秆为较佳的载体,以玉米秸秆固定化菌3 d对原油的去除率可达到93.81%。Agricultural wastes, a highly efficient and low-cost renewable material, can be used as a carrier to immobilize bacteria for absorbing and degrading crude oil. In this study, two typical agricultural wastes （corn stalks and rice straw） were selected as immobilized carriers. Their abilities to remove crude oil were investiga- ted. Results showed that the mixed bacterial strains immobilized on rice straw removed 90% to 95% of the crude oil, whereas those immobilized on corn stalks removed 95% to 98%. The percentage removed by the immobi- lized mixed bacteria was 40% higher than that removed by free bacteria. The removal efficiency of oil of steri- lized and non-sterilized straw was also compared. Straw without sterilization removed more oil than did the steri- lized straw. Bacterial strains immobilized on corn stalks removed nearly 25% more of the crude oil than a simple combination of carrier and bacteria, and the percentage of removal reached 93.81% in 3 d. Results of SEM and degradation experiments demonstrated that corn stalks were better carriers for the immobilization of bacterialstrains to remove crude oil.

关 键 词：固定化微生物 原油 农业废弃物 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]