河岸缓冲带对地表径流及悬浮颗粒物的阻控效应  

Suspended sediments and runoff reduction by established riparian vegetated filter strips

作　　者：汤家喜[1] 何苗苗 王道涵[1] 曾祥峰[3] 李仁杰[1] 应博[4] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000 [2]锦州市产品质量监督检验所国家光伏材料质量监督检验中心,锦州121000 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016 [4]辽宁省环境监测实验中心站,沈阳110161

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第5期2747-2755,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(41501548);辽宁工程技术大学博士启动基金项目(14-1179)

摘　　要：河岸缓冲带可以有效地截留阻控农业非点源污染物向水体中迁移。构建草木犀带T2、草木犀与枫杨混合带(T3林草带)和杂草带(T1对照)3种类型人工河岸缓冲带,通过野外径流实验区2年的实地观测,对寒冷地区不同类型及不同宽度植被缓冲带阻控地表径流和悬浮颗粒物(SS)的能力进行了初步的研究。实验共收集21次降雨径流和3次融雪径流,通过对径流水样分析,结果表明,3种类型缓冲带均能有效截留降雨径流,5 m宽T3缓冲带的截留效率达78%。河岸缓冲带对降雨径流的阻控效应明显高于融雪径流,且对地表径流中SS质量的截留明显高于对浓度的截留作用。枫杨与草木犀的混合种植并没有显著减少融雪径流中悬浮颗粒物的含量,宽度达到13 m时,其阻控作用才明显。总体上,林草带对地表径流及悬浮颗粒物的阻控能力最强。Riparian vegetated filter strips（ RVFS） are an efficient approach to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution transported in runoff before the water flows into watercourses. A field scale study was conducted for two years to determine the effect of cold climate vegetation on runoff and sediment trapping and how width and vegetation types affect it. The experimental site consisted of three plots adjacent to agricultural edge,weeds-T1,sweet clover（ Melilotus suaveolens L.）-T2 and sweet clover（ Melilotus suaveolens L.） / China wingnut（ Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.）-T3. T2 and T3 were new established filter strips that were compared with weeds（ T1）. Overland flow samples were collected during 21 rainfall events and 3 snowmelt events. All the RVFS significantly reduced runoff water volumes,T3 had the highest retention effectiveness for 78% at the first 5 m width in the rainfall events. RVFS reduced the mass of the sediment rather than concentration in all runoff events. The retention effectiveness was low due to soil freezing in snowmelt events. The addition of China wingnut did not bring about a significant increase in the filtering capacity of the RVFS about the sediment in snowmelt events.But T3 significantly reduced the mass of sediment for 13 m width. Overall,sweet clover / China wingnut was better to intercept runoff and purify the sediment of agricultural wastewater.

关 键 词：河岸缓冲带 径流 悬浮颗粒 阻控作用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]