完达山东部林区生境特征对东北林蛙产卵的影响  

Effect of habitat characteristics on the reproductive effort of dybowsky's frogs( Rana Dybowskii) in eastern Wanda Mountains,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：周绍春[1,2] 孟根同[3] 尹远新 杨娇 于洪伟 任梦飞 刘浩 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省野生动物研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]东北师范大学环境学院,长春130042 [3]东北大学,沈阳110819

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第9期2521-2527,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省财政厅资助项目(2011-10)

摘　　要：在研究人员逐渐将研究的焦点集中在栖息生境破碎化和生境丧失对在池塘繁育的两栖动物的影响方面。至今,许多研究已经评估了在多个空间尺度下生境因子对两栖类动物繁育池选择的影响。由于在1个繁育池内1只林蛙只产1团卵,因此利用繁育池内蛙卵团数与生境因子之间存在的内在联系建立生境选择函数模型,探究林蛙繁育期不同生境因子对东北林蛙种群大小的影响。从2012年到2014年5月初至7月末的东北林蛙繁育期,在完达山东部五泡林场,共调查了105个水池,93.33%的池塘中发现了林蛙卵团。在繁育池微生境尺度水平,广义可加模型分析表明,繁育池面积对东北林蛙卵团数产生积极影响,对林蛙卵团数的贡献为0.17;但林木郁闭度和繁育池水表面杂物盖度对林蛙卵团数产生负面影响,对林蛙卵团数贡献分别为-0.30和-0.43。在繁育池周围5km景观尺度水平,森林面积对蛙卵数产生积极影响,对GAM预测模型的贡献为17.99;公路干扰对蛙卵团数产生负面影响,随着距公路距离增加,林蛙卵团数增加,对GAM预测模型的贡献为1.40。研究结果表明,虽然在繁育池微生境尺度水平预测模型包含的变量较景观尺度水平预测模型包含的变量多,但两个模型对于预测林蛙个体产卵团数均有效。因此,可以认为,保护林蛙种群生存和繁育,需要优先保护面积为4—150 m^2,池内水表面有一定杂物覆盖(0—14%),林木郁闭度较小(约10%),森林覆盖率高,距公路较远的区域。Wildlife biologists and conservationists are concerned about the effects of forest fragmentation and habitat loss on pond-breeding frog populations. Most studies have assessed the effects of habitat characteristics on the presence or absence of frogs bred in water ponds at multiple spatial scales. In this study, we focused on the effects of habitat composition on Dybowsky＇s frog population size. We used Dybowsky＇s frog egg-mass counts as a dependent variable and other habitat factors as independent variables to construct a generalized additive model （GAM）, in order to describe the relationship between the frog population size and habitat factors. During the breeding periods of 2012 and 2014, we collected data from 105 water ponds in the forested landscapes of the Wupao Forest Farm, Eastern Wanda Mountains, Heilongjiang Province. Egg masses were detected at 98 breeding ponds （93.33%） , 3 breeding ponds were dry during the breeding season of 2012, and egg mass counts were less than 29 at 67 breeding ponds. The size of breeding ponds ranged from 4 to 300 m2with an average size of 55.88 m2. GAM response curves showed that the egg mass counts were positively associated with the size of breeding ponds from 0 to 150 m^2, but the egg mass counts declined with increasing breeding pond size beyond 150 m^2. The relationship between the egg mass counts and the pond size showed a contribution factor to GAM of 0. 15. The egg mass counts were negatively associated with two habitat factors, namely forest canopy and sundries coverage ratio over the surface of pond water. The forest canopy and sundries coverage ratio contribution factors to GAM were -0. 30 and -0.43, respectively. This study assumed that female frogs preferred ponds with higher water temperature. Water temperature was negatively correlated with forest canopy, and it changed from 7.5℃ to 13℃ with the change of forest canopy from 0% to 100%. We also assumed that shade over water surface was very useful for frog breeding. During breeding process, drai

关 键 词：东北林蛙 繁殖期 卵团数 生境选择 广义可加模型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]