大豆主要株型和产量指标对大气CO2和温度升高的响应  

Morphological traits and yield of soybean under elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration and temperature

作　　者：苏营[1] 张逸飞[1] 牟文雅 邢光南[2] 陈法军[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系,南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农学院,国家大豆改良中心,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第9期2597-2606,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31272051,31101491,31470454)

摘　　要：针对当前气候变暖和大气CO_2浓度升高同步发生现实,以高光效大豆品种黑农41(HN41)和3个常规对照品种周豆16号(ZD16)、中豆35号(ZD35)和桂黄豆2号(GHD2)为研究对象,通过开顶式气室模拟高CO_2浓度(650μL/L)和温度升高(±0.5—0.6℃)研究了大气CO_2和温度升高对大豆的生长发育与产量影响。结果表明,CO_2浓度升高对株高、茎粗、单株干重和单株籽粒重影响极显著;温度、CO_2与品种互作极显著地影响单株籽粒重。CO_2浓度升高有增加大豆株高、茎粗、干重和单株籽粒重的趋势,且高温下CO_2浓度升高对株高和茎粗的促进作用更大,而正常温度水平下高CO_2浓度升高更有利于干物质积累。与对照CO_2浓度比,高CO_2浓度显著促进了高温下HN41、ZD16和GHD2的株高,并显著提高了正常温度下HN41、ZD16、ZD35和GHD2的单株干重。与正常温度相比,高温仅显著提高了高CO_2处理下HN41的茎粗,并显著提高了对照CO_2处理下HN41的单株籽粒重。此外,同一CO_2浓度和温度处理下,高光效大豆HN41的茎粗、根冠比和单株籽粒重等都显著高于ZD16、ZD35和GHD2;而仅在正常温度与高CO_2浓度处理下HN41的单株干重显著高于ZD16和GHD2。CO_2浓度和温度升高显著影响了高光效大豆的生长,其中,高温下CO_2浓度升高有利于其生长势,正常温度下CO_2浓度升高有利于其光合产物积累。Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and temperature are the two most important factors of global climate change. As two key environmental factors for plant growth, the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature can affect photosynthetic productivity of crop plants. Moreover, used as a raw material in plant photosynthesis, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration will have a direct in plants and finally on crop yield. positive impact on photosynthesis and a series of physiological and biochemical process The atmospheric CO2 level is increasing sharply with the expanding scope of human economic activities, which raises Earth surface temperature, eventually leading to global warming. In general, the photosynthetic rate is not saturated in most crop species under ambient CO2 level （about 375 μL/L） ; hence, the increasing atmospheric CO2 level can enhance the photosynthetic rate in most crop plants. Howerver, the effect of climate change on photosynthesis, and physiological and biochemical processes is much more complex and unknown in most crops, especially in cuhivars with high photosynthetic efficiency under the assumption of concomitant global warming and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. In this study, soybean cultivar HN41 with high photosynthetic efficiency （ ≥17.64 μmol [ CO2 ] m^-2 s^-1） and three varieties ZD16, ZD35, and GHD2 with normal photosynthetic efficiency （10.75-15.48 μmol [ CO2 ] m^-2 s^-1） were selected to study morphological traits and yield of soybean under elevated levels of CO2（ 650 μL/L vs. ambient CO2 ） and temperature （± 0.5-0.6℃ vs. ambienttemperature）. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height and stem diameter, as well as dry weight and seed weight per plant. Temperature levels and the interaction between CO2 concentration and soybean cultivars significantly affected seed weight per plant. Relative to ambient CO2 concentration, elevated levels of CO2 promoted plant height, stem diameter, and dry weight and

关 键 词：大豆 全球变暖 高CO_2浓度 生长势 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]