增殖放流对日本囊对虾群体遗传多样性的影响评估  

Genetic diversity analysis of Marsupenaeus japonicus population for reproduction and release

作　　者：魏鸿擎 张凤英[1] 蒋科技[1] 姜亚洲[1] 孟永永 宋炜[1] 马春艳[1] 程家骅[1] 马凌波[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第3期530-537,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资金专项(东2012T05);水产种质资源平台(2015DKA30470);科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110700);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2013A11)

摘　　要：为评估增殖放流对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)群体遗传多样性的影响,本研究分析了放流前捕捞渔获群体(FLQ)、放流后捕捞渔获群体(FLH)以及放流虾苗群体(FLXX)的遗传多样性水平。3个群体共测定了135尾日本囊对虾的线粒体D-loop序列,经比对分析确定测得的序列长度为938 bp,检测到237个变异位点,177个简约信息位点,定义了100种单倍型。经分析,核苷酸多样性指数由大到小依次为FLQ、FLH、FLXX,单倍型多样性指数大小为FLQ=FLH>FLXX。AMOVA分析表明FLQ和FLH群体的遗传分化系数(F_(st))值为0.00629,其小于0.05,表明变异主要来自于群体内,且群体间无分化。FLH与FLXX的F_(st)值为0.08151(P<0.01),其大于0.05,表明遗传变异大多发生在群体内,但群体间呈低度分化。Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs中性检验结果均为负值,表明这3个群体偏离了中性模式,可能受到群体扩张和自然选择的作用。综上所述,增殖放流前后日本囊对虾群体均保持较高的遗传多样性水平,变异不存在显著性差异,且群体间无分化,说明增殖放流是目前维持日本囊对虾种质资源量较为有效的措施之一。Marsupenaeus japonicus, the most valuable prawn species, plays an important role in aquaculture in China, so protective measures must be taken to ensure its normal reproduction. In this study, we measured the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 135 individuals collected from a before-release population （FLQ）, an after-release population （FLH）, and hatchery postlarvae population （FLXX） by sequencing the 938 bp mitochon- drial D-loop. D-loop is a non-coding sequence which locates in the noncoding region of the mitochondrial genome Overall, we detected 237 variable sites, 177 parsimony-informative sites, and 100 haplotypes. The nucleotide di- versity index （0.02480） and haplotype diversity index （0.993） of the before-release population were higher than the nucleotide diversity （0.02125） and haplotype diversity （0.960） of the hatchery postlarvae, and slightly lower than the nucleotide diversity index （0.02394） and haplotype diversity index （0.993） of the after-release population. The genetic distances within population of the three groups were 0.02598, 0.02504, and 0.02216, respectively. The genetic distance between the released postlarval and before-release populations was 0.02582; that between the released postlarval and after-release populations was 0.2524; and that between the before-release and after-release populations was 0.02567. Analysis of molecular variance showed that Fst for the before-release population and after-release population was 0.00629 （P〉0.05）, so that most variation was within each population, although the finding was not significant. Between the hatchery postlarvae and the after-release population, Fst = 0.08151 （P〈0.01）, so the genetic variation coefficient between groups was 8.15% and the genetic variation within the populations accounted for 91.85%, indicating that most genetic variation occurred within the populations, and the genetic differentiation among the populations was low. In neutrality tests, the values of Tajima＇s D and Fu

关 键 词：日本囊对虾 线粒体D-LOOP区 遗传多样性 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]